Cortical circuits are known to be plastic and adaptable, as shown by an impressive body of evidence demonstrating the ability of cortical circuits to adapt to changes in environmental stimuli, development, learning, and insults. In this review, we will discuss some of the features of cortical circuits that are thought to facilitate cortical circuit versatility and flexibility. Throughout life, cortical circuits can be extensively shaped and refined by experience while preserving their overall organization, suggesting that mechanisms are in place to favor change but also to stabilize some aspects of the circuit. First, we will describe the basic organization and some of the common features of cortical circuits. We will then discuss how this underlying cortical structure provides a substrate for the experience- and learning-dependent processes that contribute to cortical flexibility.

众所周知，皮质回路具有可塑性和适应性，这是令人印象深刻的证据表明，皮质回路具有适应环境刺激，发育，学习和侮辱变化的能力。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论一些皮质回路的特征，这些特征被认为有助于皮质回路的多功能性和灵活性。在整个生命周期中，可以根据经验对皮层回路进行广泛的塑造和完善，同时保留它们的整体结构，这表明已建立了有利于改变但也可以稳定回路某些方面的机制。首先，我们将描述皮层回路的基本组织和一些共同特征。