Zinc homeostasis is essential for normal cellular function, and defects in this process are associated with a number of diseases including type 2 diabetes (T2D), neurological disorders and cardiovascular disease. Thus, variants in the SLC30A8 gene, encoding the vesicular/granular zinc transporter ZnT8, are associated with altered insulin release and increased T2D risk while the zinc importer ZIP12 is implicated in pulmonary hypertension. In light of these, and findings in other diseases, recent efforts have focused on the development of refined sensors for intracellular free zinc ions that can be targeted to subcellular regions including the cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), secretory granules, Golgi apparatus, nucleus and the mitochondria. Here, we discuss recent advances in Zn²⁺ probe engineering and their applications to the measurement of labile subcellular zinc pools in different cell types.

中文翻译：

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用于测量亚细胞锌池的传感器

锌稳态对于正常的细胞功能至关重要，这一过程中的缺陷与许多疾病有关，包括 2 型糖尿病 (T2D)、神经系统疾病和心血管疾病。因此，编码囊泡/颗粒锌转运蛋白 ZnT8 的 SLC30A8 基因变异与胰岛素释放改变和 T2D 风险增加有关，而锌输入蛋白 ZIP12 与肺动脉高压有关。鉴于这些以及其他疾病的发现，最近的努力集中在开发细胞内游离锌离子的精细传感器，这些传感器可以靶向亚细胞区域，包括细胞质、内质网 (ER)、分泌颗粒、高尔基体、细胞核和线粒体。^{在这里，我们讨论 Zn 2+}的最新进展 探针工程及其在不同细胞类型中不稳定亚细胞锌池测量中的应用。