The immobilization of proteins to hydrogels is important and plays a significant role to provide suitable biomimetic material as extracellular matrix for cell behavior mediation. This study describes a novel and universal strategy for photopatterning unmodified proteins on hydrogels. The methodology creates photogenerated aldehyde regions within a protein‐resistant hydrogel and then conjugates unmodified proteins by mild imine ligation with spatial, temporal, and dosage control. The relatively stable aldehyde intermediate enables the facile and highly efficient covalent immobilization of proteins by a postfunctionalization methodology and the sequential protein patterns provide an easy access to control the identity and dynamic change of proteins presented to cells on demand, thus mediating cell behaviors. This approach provides important opportunities for understanding and controlling cell behavior mediated by proteins, and opens up new avenues for hydrogels in tissue engineering and biotechnology applications.

中文翻译：

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光生醛在水凝胶上的蛋白质模式和细胞行为的指导

蛋白质固定在水凝胶上很重要，并且在提供合适的仿生材料作为细胞行为介导的细胞外基质方面发挥着重要作用。这项研究描述了一种新颖的通用策略，用于在水凝胶上对未修饰的蛋白质进行光图案化。该方法可以在抗蛋白质的水凝胶中产生光生醛的区域，然后通过温和的亚胺与空间，时间和剂量控制的结合来修饰未修饰的蛋白质。相对稳定的醛中间体可以通过后功能化方法轻松，高效地共价固定蛋白质，顺序蛋白质模式可轻松控制需要时呈现给细胞的蛋白质的身份和动态变化，从而介导细胞行为。