Athina Markou and others argue forcefully for the adoption of a "translational-back translational strategy" for central nervous system drug discovery involving novel application of drugs with established safety profiles in proof-of-principle studies in humans, which in turn encourage parallel studies using experimental animals to provide vital data on the neural systems and neuropharmacological mechanisms related to the actions of the candidate drugs. Encouraged by the increasing adoption of drug-development strategies involving reciprocal information exchange between preclinical animal studies and related clinical research programs, this review presents additional compelling examples related to the following: 1) the treatment of cognitive deficits that define attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; 2) the development of fast-acting antidepressants based on promising clinical effects with low doses of the anesthetic ketamine; and 3) new and effective medications for the treatment of substance misuse. In the context of addressing the unmet medical need for new and effective drugs for treatment of mental ill health, now may be the time to launch major new academic-industry consortia committed to open access of all preclinical and clinical data generated by this research.

中文翻译：

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有效使用动物模型来治疗精神疾病和物质使用障碍

Athina Markou 和其他人强烈主张对中枢神经系统药物发现采用“翻译回翻译策略”，其中涉及在人体原理验证研究中应用具有既定安全性的药物的新应用，这反过来又鼓励平行研究使用实验动物提供与候选药物作用相关的神经系统和神经药理学机制的重要数据。受到越来越多采用涉及临床前动物研究和相关临床研究项目之间互惠信息交换的药物开发策略的鼓舞，本综述提出了与以下相关的其他令人信服的例子：1）定义注意力缺陷/多动障碍的认知缺陷的治疗; 2) 基于低剂量麻醉剂氯胺酮有希望的临床效果开发速效抗抑郁药；3) 治疗药物滥用的新的有效药物。在解决对治疗精神疾病的新型有效药物的未满足医疗需求的背景下，现在可能是启动主要新的学术产业联盟的时候了，该联盟致力于开放获取本研究产生的所有临床前和临床数据。