ABSTRACT The cannabis plant and its derivatives have been exploited for centuries for recreational and medicinal purposes, with millions of regular users around the world. The recreational use of cannabis is reflective of its neuropsychiatric effects, such as anxiolysis and euphoria. However, cannabis appears to have an emerging therapeutic role, especially in chronic disease and as an adjunct to cancer treatment. Increasing evidence supports cannabis in the management of chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and for pain management; however, studies are limited, particularly by difficulties associated with standardized dosing estimates and inability to accurately assess biologic activities of compounds in cannabis and derivative products. Smoking cannabis has not been proved to be a risk factor in the development of lung cancer, but the data are limited by small studies, misclassification due to self‐reporting of use, small numbers of heavy cannabis smokers, and confounding of the risk associated with known causative agents for lung cancer (such as parallel chronic tobacco use). Cannabis and its biologically effective derivatives warrant additional research, ideally, controlled trials in which the cannabidiol and the delta‐9‐tetrahydrocabinol strength and use are controlled and documented.

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大麻使用、肺癌和相关问题

摘要 几个世纪以来，大麻植物及其衍生物一直被用于娱乐和药用目的，在世界各地有数百万的常客。大麻的娱乐用途反映了其神经精神影响，例如抗焦虑和欣快感。然而，大麻似乎具有新兴的治疗作用，尤其是在慢性疾病中和作为癌症治疗的辅助手段。越来越多的证据支持大麻用于治疗化疗引起的恶心和呕吐 (CINV) 和疼痛管理；然而，研究是有限的，特别是由于与标准化剂量估计相关的困难以及无法准确评估大麻和衍生产品中化合物的生物活性。尚未证明吸食大麻是肺癌发展的危险因素，但数据受限于小型研究、由于自我报告使用情况导致的错误分类、少量重度大麻吸烟者以及与已知的肺癌致病因素相关的风险的混淆（例如平行的慢性烟草使用）。大麻及其生物有效衍生物需要额外的研究，理想情况下是对照试验，其中大麻二酚和 delta-9-四氢大麻酚的强度和使用得到控制和记录。