With the increasing production and widespread potential applications of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), the possible impacts of oral administration of SWCNTs on gastrointestinal tract at currently occupational exposure limits and potential biomedical applications should be concerned. To address the concerns, mice are orally administrated of SWCNTs at doses of 0.05, 0.5, and 2.5 mg kg⁻¹ body weight per day for 7 d. The investigation shows that SWCNT treatment had promoted intestinal injuries at the acute dose of 2.5 mg kg⁻¹ per day, including increase of histological lesion scores, intestinal permeability, and proinflammatory cytokine (IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α) secretion. Analysis of gut microbiota composition using 16S rRNA gene sequencing approach reveals that acute oral administration of SWCNTs induces significant shifts of the predominant microbe phyla from Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes and increases abundance of proinflammatory bacteria Alitipes_uncultured_bacterium and Lachnospiraceae bacterium A4. These notable findings suggest that SWCNT‐induced intestinal injury is linked to SWCNT interaction with intestinal tract and gut bacteria and the consequent triggering of “metabolic inflammation” responses. Furthermore, the study has shown that oral administration of carbon nanomaterials, including SWCNTs, multiwalled CNTs, and graphene oxide, can lead to different inflammatory responses and specific alteration in gut microbiota in mice.

中文翻译：

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急性口服单壁碳纳米管可增加肠道通透性和炎症反应：与小鼠肠道菌群的变化相关

随着单壁碳纳米管（SWCNTs）产量的增加和潜在的广泛应用，在当前职业暴露极限下口服SWCNTs对胃肠道的可能影响和潜在的生物医学应用应受到关注。为了解决这些问题，每天以0.05、0.5和2.5 mg kg ^-1体重的剂量口服SWCNTs，共7 d。研究表明，SWCNT治疗以2.5 mg kg ^-1的急性剂量促进了肠道损伤每天，包括组织学病变评分，肠通透性和促炎性细胞因子（IL-1β，IL-6和TNF-α）分泌的增加。采用16S rRNA基因测序方法肠道菌群组成的分析表明单壁碳纳米管诱导的急性口服从主要微生物类群的显著转变厚壁菌门，以拟杆菌和增加丰富的促炎性细菌Alitipes_uncultured_bacterium和毛螺菌A4。这些值得注意的发现表明，SWCNT引起的肠道损伤与SWCNT与肠道和肠道细菌的相互作用以及随之而来的“代谢性炎症”反应的触发有关。此外，研究表明口服碳纳米材料（包括SWCNT，多壁CNT和氧化石墨烯）可导致小鼠不同的炎症反应和肠道菌群发生特定变化。