With growing interest in cancer therapeutics, anti-angiogenic therapy has received considerable attention and is widely administered in several types of human cancers. Nonetheless, this type of therapy may induce multiple signaling pathways compared with cytotoxics and lead to worse outcomes in terms of resistance, invasion, metastasis, and overall survival (OS). Moreover, there are important challenges that limit the translation of promising biomarkers into clinical practice to monitor the efficiency of anti-angiogenic therapy. These pitfalls emphasize the urgent need for discovering alternative angiogenic inhibitors that target multiple angiogenic factors or developing a new drug delivery system for the current inhibitors. The great advantages of nanoparticles are their ability to offer effective routes that target the biological system and regulate different vital processes based on their unique features. Limited studies so far have addressed the effectiveness of nanoparticles in the normalization of the delicate balance between stimulating (pro-angiogenic) and inhibiting (anti-angiogenic) factors. In this review, we shed light on tumor vessels and their microenvironment and consider the current directions of anti-angiogenic and nanotherapeutic treatments. To the best of our knowledge, we consider an important effort in the understanding of anti-angiogenic agents (often a small volume of metals, nonmetallic molecules, or polymers) that can control the growth of new vessels.

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癌症抗血管生成治疗的当前挑战和纳米疗法的前景

随着人们对癌症治疗方法的兴趣日益浓厚，抗血管生成治疗已受到相当大的关注，并广泛用于几种类型的人类癌症中。尽管如此，与细胞毒素相比，这种类型的疗法可能会诱导多种信号传导途径，并导致耐药性，侵袭，转移和总生存期（OS）方面的恶化。此外，存在重大挑战，限制了将有前途的生物标志物转化为临床实践以监测抗血管生成疗法的效率。这些陷阱强调了迫切需要发现针对多种血管生成因子的替代性血管生成抑制剂，或为当前的抑制剂开发新的药物递送系统。纳米颗粒的巨大优势在于它们能够提供针对生物系统的有效途径，并基于其独特特征来调节不同的重要过程。迄今为止，有限的研究已经解决了纳米粒子在刺激（促血管生成）和抑制（抗血管生成）因子之间微妙平衡的标准化中的有效性。在这篇综述中，我们阐明了肿瘤血管及其微环境，并考虑了抗血管生成和纳米治疗的当前方向。据我们所知，我们在理解可以控制新血管生长的抗血管生成剂（通常是少量的金属，非金属分子或聚合物）方面进行了重要的努力。迄今为止，有限的研究已经解决了纳米粒子在刺激（促血管生成）和抑制（抗血管生成）因子之间微妙平衡的标准化中的有效性。在这篇综述中，我们阐明了肿瘤血管及其微环境，并考虑了抗血管生成和纳米治疗的当前方向。据我们所知，我们在理解可以控制新血管生长的抗血管生成剂（通常是少量的金属，非金属分子或聚合物）方面进行了重要的努力。迄今为止，有限的研究已经解决了纳米粒子在刺激（促血管生成）和抑制（抗血管生成）因子之间微妙平衡的标准化中的有效性。在这篇综述中，我们阐明了肿瘤血管及其微环境，并考虑了抗血管生成和纳米治疗的当前方向。据我们所知，我们在理解可以控制新血管生长的抗血管生成剂（通常是少量的金属，非金属分子或聚合物）方面进行了重要的努力。我们阐明了肿瘤血管及其微环境，并考虑了抗血管生成和纳米治疗的当前方向。据我们所知，我们在理解可以控制新血管生长的抗血管生成剂（通常是少量的金属，非金属分子或聚合物）方面进行了重要的努力。我们阐明了肿瘤血管及其微环境，并考虑了抗血管生成和纳米治疗的当前方向。据我们所知，我们在理解可以控制新血管生长的抗血管生成剂（通常是少量的金属，非金属分子或聚合物）方面进行了重要的努力。