Technological advancements combined with materials research have led to the generation of enormous types of novel substrates and materials for use in various biological/medical, energy, and environmental applications. Lately, the embedding of biomolecules in novel and/or advanced materials (e.g., metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), nanoparticles, hydrogels, graphene, and their hybrid composites) has become a vital research area in the construction of an innovative platform for various applications including sensors (or biosensors), biofuel cells, and bioelectronic devices. Due to the intriguing properties of MOFs (e.g., framework architecture, topology, and optical properties), they have contributed considerably to recent progresses in enzymatic catalysis, antibody-antigen interactions, or many other related approaches. Here, we aim to describe the different strategies for the design and synthesis of diverse biomolecule-embedded MOFs for various sensing (e.g., optical, electrochemical, biological, and miscellaneous) techniques. Additionally, the benefits and future prospective of MOFs-based biomolecular immobilization as an innovative sensing platform are discussed along with the evaluation on their performance to seek for further development in this emerging research area.

技术进步与材料研究相结合，已经产生了用于各种生物/医学，能源和环境应用的新型基材和材料，种类繁多。最近，将生物分子嵌入新型和/或先进材料（例如金属有机框架（MOF），纳米颗粒，水凝胶，石墨烯及其杂化复合材料）已成为构建各种创新平台的重要研究领域。应用包括传感器（或生物传感器），生物燃料电池和生物电子设备。由于MOF的引人入胜的特性（例如，框架结构，拓扑和光学特性），它们对酶催化，抗体-抗原相互作用或许多其他相关方法的最新进展做出了巨大贡献。这里，我们旨在描述用于各种传感（例如光学，电化学，生物和其他）技术的设计和合成各种生物分子嵌入式MOF的不同策略。此外，讨论了基于MOFs的生物分子固定技术作为创新传感平台的益处和未来前景，并对其性能进行了评估，以寻求在这一新兴研究领域的进一步发展。