Pathological assessment of bladder cancer is becoming an increasingly complex task owing to the growing availability of molecular data for different histological subtypes and the appreciation of their importance in determining outcomes of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Urologists are aware of the need to closely collaborate with pathologists, and comprehensive sharing of information is crucial to achieve optimal patient management. Numerous steps towards this goal have been made during the past years. Important advances in the assessment and reporting of grading and staging, especially substaging of pT1 urothelial carcinomas, have been made. As part of the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting (ICCR), an international expert group has suggested worldwide reporting standards for urothelial lesions. Nevertheless, several issues remain unresolved, for example, regarding the reporting of heterogeneous lesions and substaging as well as the gross handling and the reporting for lymphadenectomy specimens. During the past few years, major insights have been gained into the molecular changes that occur during bladder cancer development, but a consensus on how to integrate these data into daily practice has not been achieved.

膀胱癌的病理学评估正变得越来越复杂，这是由于不同组织学亚型的分子数据的可用性不断提高，以及它们在确定新辅助化疗结果中的重要性的认识。泌尿科医师意识到与病理学家密切合作的需要，全面的信息共享对于实现最佳患者管理至关重要。在过去的几年中，已经朝着这个目标迈出了许多步骤。在评估和报告分级和分期，尤其是pT1尿路上皮癌的亚分类方面，已经取得了重要的进展。作为国际癌症报告合作组织（ICCR）的一部分，一个国际专家组已提出了有关尿路上皮病变的全球报告标准。尽管如此，有几个问题尚未解决，例如，关于异质性病变和亚临床的报告以及淋巴结清扫术标本的总体处理和报告。在过去的几年中，已经获得了对膀胱癌发展过程中发生的分子变化的主要见解，但是尚未就如何将这些数据整合到日常实践中达成共识。