An enormous diversity of previously unknown bacteria and archaea has been discovered recently, yet their functional capacities and distributions in the terrestrial subsurface remain uncertain. Here, we continually sampled a CO₂-driven geyser (Colorado Plateau, Utah, USA) over its 5-day eruption cycle to test the hypothesis that stratified, sandstone-hosted aquifers sampled over three phases of the eruption cycle have microbial communities that differ both in membership and function. Genome-resolved metagenomics, single-cell genomics and geochemical analyses confirmed this hypothesis and linked microorganisms to groundwater compositions from different depths. Autotrophic Candidatus "Altiarchaeum sp." and phylogenetically deep-branching nanoarchaea dominate the deepest groundwater. A nanoarchaeon with limited metabolic capacity is inferred to be a potential symbiont of the Ca. "Altiarchaeum". Candidate Phyla Radiation bacteria are also present in the deepest groundwater and they are relatively abundant in water from intermediate depths. During the recovery phase of the geyser, microaerophilic Fe- and S-oxidizers have high in situ genome replication rates. Autotrophic Sulfurimonas sustained by aerobic sulfide oxidation and with the capacity for N₂ fixation dominate the shallow aquifer. Overall, 104 different phylum-level lineages are present in water from these subsurface environments, with uncultivated archaea and bacteria partitioned to the deeper subsurface.

中文翻译：

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微生物的功能和推测的共生体通过深层地下的沉积物承载的含水层的差异深度分布。

最近发现了许多以前未知的细菌和古细菌，但是它们在地下功能中的功能和分布仍然不确定。在这里，我们不断地对CO ₂进行采样驱动的间歇泉（科罗拉多州高原，美国犹他州）的喷发周期为5天，以检验以下假设：在喷发周期的三个阶段采样的分层的砂岩质含水层具有微生物群落，其成员和功能均不同。基因组解析的宏基因组学，单细胞基因组学和地球化学分析证实了这一假设，并将微生物与不同深度的地下水成分联系起来。自养假丝酵母“ Altiarchaeum sp。” 从系统发育上讲，深分支的纳米古细菌支配着最深的地下水。推断具有有限代谢能力的纳米古细菌是Ca的潜在共生体。“ Altiarchaeum”。最深层的地下水中也存在候选的Phyla辐射细菌，它们在中等深度的水中相对丰富。在间歇泉的恢复阶段，微需氧的Fe和S氧化剂具有很高的原位基因组复制速率。通过需氧硫化物氧化而维持的自养硫酸尿症并具有N的能力₂固定为主浅层含水层。总体而言，这些地下环境中的水中存在104种不同的门类谱系，未经培养的古细菌和细菌被分配到较深的地下环境中。