The genetic relationship of past modern humans to today’s populations and each other was largely unknown until recently, when advances in ancient DNA sequencing allowed for unprecedented analysis of the genomes of these early people. These ancient genomes reveal new insights into human prehistory not always observed studying present-day populations, including greater details on the genetic diversity, population structure, and gene flow that characterized past human populations, particularly in early Eurasia, as well as increased insight on the relationship between archaic and modern humans. Here, we review genetic studies on ∼45 000- to 7500-year-old individuals associated with mainly preagricultural cultures found in Eurasia, the Americas, and Africa.

直到最近，过去的现代人类与当今人口之间以及彼此之间的遗传关系才被广泛了解，当时古代DNA测序技术的进步允许对这些早期人类的基因组进行空前的分析。这些古老的基因组揭示了对人类史前史的新见解，而对人类史的研究并不总是如此，包括对过去人类，尤其是欧亚大陆早期人类的特征，遗传多样性，种群结构和基因流的更多详细信息，以及对人类史前研究的更多见解。与古代人类之间的关系。在这里，我们回顾了对大约4.5万至7500岁的个体的遗传研究，这些个体与在欧亚大陆，美洲和非洲发现的主要农业前文化有关。