Dynamic protein–DNA interactions constitute highly robust cellular machineries to fulfill cellular functions. A vast number of studies have focused on how DNA-binding proteins search for and interact with their target DNA segments and on what cellular cues can regulate protein binding, for which protein concentration is a most obvious one. In contrast, how protein unbinding could be regulated by protein concentration has evaded attention because protein unbinding from DNA is typically a unimolecular reaction and thus concentration independent. Recent single-molecule studies from multiple research groups have uncovered that protein concentration can facilitate the unbinding of DNA-bound proteins, revealing regulation of protein unbinding as another mechanistic paradigm for gene regulation.

中文翻译：

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通过启用多价态的三元复合物促进脱结合：蛋白质-DNA相互作用的新范式

动态的蛋白质与DNA相互作用构成了高度健壮的细胞机制，可以履行细胞功能。大量研究集中在DNA结合蛋白如何搜索其靶DNA片段并与之相互作用，以及哪些细胞信号可以调节蛋白结合，其中最明显的是蛋白浓度。相反，由于蛋白质与DNA的结合通常是单分子反应，因此与浓度无关，因此如何通过蛋白质浓度调节蛋白质的结合便引起人们的关注。来自多个研究小组的最新单分子研究发现，蛋白质浓度可以促进与DNA结合的蛋白质的解除结合，从而揭示蛋白质解除结合的调控是基因调控的另一种机制范式。