The deposition of slag from a realgar tailing mine has caused serious land degradation to those farming and mining coexisting areas. However, nanomaterial‐mediated biogeochemical arsenic cycle from arsenic‐enriched soil was severely limited. In this study, the environmental impact of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced GO (rGO) on the speciation and mobilization of Fe/As from the flooding of arsenic‐enriched soil was investigated. Regarding overall performance, rGO exhibited a more significant facilitation than GO on mediating microbial reduction of Fe(III)/As(V). The maximal levels of soluble Fe(II) and As(III) in the soil supplemented with acetate alone were 53.58 g.m⁻³ and 9592 mg·m⁻³ during the 50‐day culture period. Nearly 1.37‐fold and 1.15‐fold of As(III) levels were released when amending with rGO acetate and GO acetate. Meanwhile, approximately 1.40‐fold and 1.24‐fold of Fe(II) levels were released under the same conditions. The underlying mechanism was correlated with the interactions between graphene and microbial activities. The properties of GO have been evolved through microbial reduction and eventually exhibited characteristics similar to rGO. Additionally, the application of graphene potentially altered the compositions of the microbial community and increased the abundance of some metal‐reducing bacteria (e.g., Bacillus, Geobacter, and Desulfitobacterium), thereby favouring the dissolved organic matter bioavailability for bioreduction of Fe(III)/As(V). In addition, promotion of the electron transfer process of As(V)/Fe(III) reduction was predominantly responsible for the crucial role that rGO exhibited as a special redox‐active mediator and electrical conductor. These findings might provoke more consideration of the integrated ecological effects of graphene and evaluate their environmental impact on land degradation.

中文翻译：

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石墨烯片的添加增强了砷和铁从受砷污染的土壤中的还原溶解

雄黄尾矿中的矿渣沉积已使那些农业和采矿共存地区的土地严重退化。但是，来自富含砷的土壤的纳米材料介导的生物地球化学砷循环受到严重限制。在这项研究中，研究了氧化石墨烯（GO）和还原GO（rGO）对富砷土壤洪水中Fe / As的形态和迁移的环境影响。在整体性能方面，rGO在介导微生物还原Fe（III）/ As（V）方面显示出比GO更显着的促进作用。仅添加乙酸盐的土壤中可溶性Fe（II）和As（III）的最大含量为53.58 gm ^-3和9592 mg·m ^-3在50天的培养期内。当用rGO乙酸盐和GO乙酸盐修正时，As（III）水平释放了近1.37倍和1.15倍。同时，在相同条件下释放出大约1.40倍和1.24倍的Fe（II）水平。潜在的机制与石墨烯和微生物活性之间的相互作用有关。GO的特性是通过微生物还原而演变而来的，最终表现出与rGO相似的特性。另外，石墨烯的应用潜在地改变了微生物群落的组合物并增加一些金属还原菌的丰度（例如，芽孢杆菌属，地杆菌，和Desulfitobacterium），从而有利于生物还原Fe（III）/ As（V）的溶解有机物生物利用度。另外，促进As（V）/ Fe（III）还原的电子转移过程主要是rGO作为特殊的氧化还原活性介质和电导体所发挥的关键作用。这些发现可能会引起人们对石墨烯综合生态效应的更多考虑，并评估其对土地退化的环境影响。