The rechargeable lithium-ion battery (LIB) is the most promising energy storage system to power electric vehicles with high energy density and long cycling life. However, in order to meet customers’ demands for fast charging, the power performances of current LIBs need to be improved. From the cathode aspect, layer-structured cathode materials are widely used in today’s market and will continue to play important roles in the near future. The high rate capability of layered cathode materials during charging and discharging is critical to the power performance of the whole cell and the thermal stability is closely related to the safety issues. Therefore, the in-depth understanding of structural changes of layered cathode materials during high rate charging/discharging and the thermal stability during heating are essential in developing new materials and improving current materials. Since structural changes take place from the atomic level to the whole electrode level, combination of characterization techniques covering multilength scales is quite important. In many cases, this means using comprehensive tools involving diffraction, spectroscopy, and imaging to differentiate the surface from the bulk and to obtain structural/chemical information with different levels of spatial resolution.

中文翻译：

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在快速充放电循环和加热过程中探究锂离子电池层状氧化物正极材料结构变化的复杂性

锂离子充电电池（LIB）是最有前途的储能系统，可为具有高能量密度和长循环寿命的电动汽车提供动力。但是，为了满足客户对快速充电的需求，需要提高当前LIB的功率性能。从阴极方面来看，层状阴极材料在当今市场中得到广泛使用，并且在不久的将来将继续发挥重要作用。分层阴极材料在充电和放电过程中的高倍率能力对于整个电池的功率性能至关重要，并且热稳定性与安全性问题密切相关。所以，深入了解高速充电/放电过程中分层阴极材料的结构变化以及加热过程中的热稳定性对于开发新材料和改进现有材料至关重要。由于结构发生了从原子级到整个电极级的变化，因此涵盖多种长度尺度的表征技术的组合非常重要。在许多情况下，这意味着要使用包括衍射，光谱学和成像在内的综合工具来区分表面与整体，并获得具有不同水平空间分辨率的结构/化学信息。