The volume expansion and dendrite growth of metallic Li anode during charge/discharge processes hinder its practical application in energy storage. Seeking an appropriate host for distributing bulk Li in a 3D manner is an effective way to solve these problems. Here, a novel porous graphene scaffold with cellular chambers for incorporating Li metal is presented. Using such a unique host, ultrathin Li layers of 3 µm in thickness are anchored on graphene to form porous microstructures, which provides much more reaction sites for Li ions compared with that of bulk Li, significantly promoting the reversibility of Li stripping and plating. Also the high current density can be effectively dissipated by the graphene scaffold to remarkably improve the rate capability of Li anode. The symmetrical Li cell using such a Li anode can run stably for 200 cycles at 5 mA cm⁻² and even 70 cycles at 10 mA cm⁻² in an unmodified carbonate‐based electrolyte, which has rarely been achieved in such aggressive working conditions. Lithium‐ion capacitor cells using this anode also show outstanding rate capability and cycling stability, which can work at an ultrahigh current density of 30 A g⁻¹ and keep steady for over 4000 cycles at 3.75 A g⁻¹.

中文翻译：

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储存在细胞石墨烯支架内的先进金属锂阳极的微型锂金属。

金属锂阳极在充放电过程中的体积膨胀和枝晶生长阻碍了其在储能中的实际应用。寻找合适的主机以3D方式分配批量Li是解决这些问题的有效方法。在这里，提出了一种新颖的多孔石墨烯支架，带有用于掺入锂金属的孔腔。使用这种独特的基质，可以将厚度为3 µm的超薄Li层锚固在石墨烯上以形成多孔微结构，与块状Li相比，它为Li离子提供了更多的反应部位，从而显着提高了Li剥离和镀覆的可逆性。此外，石墨烯支架可以有效地消除高电流密度，从而显着提高锂阳极的倍率能力。在未经修饰的碳酸盐基电解液中，在10 mA cm ^-2下可产生⁻²甚至70个循环，这在如此苛刻的工作条件下很少能实现。使用该阳极的锂离子电容器电池还显示出出色的倍率能力和循环稳定性，可以在30 A g ^-1的超高电流密度下工作，并在3.75 A g ^{-1的条件下}保持超过4000个循环的稳定。