For the past 40 years, the standard of care for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been cytotoxic chemotherapy of cytarabine and an anthracycline. The year 2017 has seen milestones in AML treatment with the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of novel therapies, including the anti–CD33-calicheamicin conjugate gemtuzumab ozogamicin, a liposome-encapsulated formulation of daunorubicin-cytarabine, the FLT3 inhibitor midostaurin, and the mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (mIDH2) inhibitor enasidenib mesylate. The FDA approval of enasidenib in August 2017 represents a critical breakthrough for targeted therapy and precision medicine for AML.

在过去的40年中，急性髓细胞性白血病（AML）的护理标准一直是阿糖胞苷和蒽环类药物的细胞毒性化学疗法。2017年在AML治疗方面取得了里程碑式的进展，获得了美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准的新疗法，其中包括抗CD33-卡利车霉素偶联物吉他珠单抗ozogamicin，一种脂质体包裹的柔红霉素-阿糖胞苷，FLT3抑制剂Midostaurin，突变型异柠檬酸脱氢酶2（m IDH2）抑制剂依那西布甲磺酸盐。FDA在2017年8月批准了enasidenib，这是针对AML的靶向治疗和精密药物的关键突破。