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Fate and hazard of the electrochemical oxidation of triclosan. Evaluation of polychlorodibenzo‑p‑dioxins and polychlorodibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) formation
Science of the Total Environment ( IF 9.8 ) Pub Date : 2018-01-16 , DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.082
Claudia Solá-Gutiérrez , M. Fresnedo San Román , Inmaculada Ortiz

Triclosan (TCS) is widely used as antiseptic or preservative in many personal care products (PCPs), such as cosmetics, hand wash, toothpaste and deodorant soaps, among others. It is characterized by acute toxicity, resistance to biodegradation, environmental persistence and relatively high lipophilicity. In order to protect the environment and natural resources from the negative effects of the discharge of polluted wastewater with TCS, the application of efficient remediation technologies able to degrade the pollutant to harmless levels becomes crucial. Electrochemical oxidation, among all advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), has been reported as very effective in the complete degradation of a number of persistent pollutants; therefore, its performance using boron-doped diamond (BDD) anodes, and response to operation variables, has been studied in this work. As expected, complete degradation of TCS was achieved in all the studied conditions; however, going a step further and knowing that TCS is a precursor of polychlorinated dibenzo‑p‑dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), their quantitative presence in the oxidation media has been assessed. Results showed the dominance of dichlorinated (DCDD) and trichlorinated (TrCDD/Fs) in the homologue profile of total PCDD/Fs, reaching values up to 1.48 × 105 pg L−1 in samples with initial concentration of TCS of 100 mg L−1 and NaCl as electrolyte. Under these conditions, the International Toxicity Equivalency Factor (I-TEF) achieved values up to 2.76 × 102 pg L−1. Nevertheless, the presence of copper in the oxidation medium tends to reduce I-TEF values. Finally, considering the information reported in literature, a mechanism describing the formation of low chlorinated PCDD/Fs from TCS oxidation reactions is proposed.



中文翻译:

三氯生的电化学氧化的命运和危险。评价polychlorodibenzo- p -dioxins和polychlorodibenzofurans(PCDD / FS)形成

三氯生(TCS)在许多个人护理产品(PCP)中广泛用作防腐剂或防腐剂,例如化妆品,洗手液,牙膏和除臭皂等。它的特点是急性毒性,对生物降解的抵抗力,环境持久性和较高的亲脂性。为了保护环境和自然资源免受TCS排放污染废水的负面影响,应用能够将污染物降解至无害水平的高效修复技术变得至关重要。据报道,在所有高级氧化工艺(AOP)中,电化学氧化对许多持久性污染物的完全降解都是非常有效的。因此,其使用掺硼金刚石(BDD)阳极的性能以及对操作变量的响应,已经在这项工作中进行了研究。如预期的那样,在所有研究条件下,TCS均完全降解。但是,走得更远,知道TCS是多氯二苯并的前体二恶英和二苯并呋喃(PCDD / Fs)在氧化介质中的定量存在已得到评估。结果表明:二氯化(DCDD)和三氯化(TrCDD / FS)的总PCDD的同源物轮廓优势/ Fs的,达到值高达1.48×10 5 皮克大号-1与100毫克的L TCS的初始浓度的样品- 1和NaCl作电解质。在这些条件下,国际毒性当量因子(I-TEF)达到的值高达2.76×10 2  pg L -1。但是,氧化介质中铜的存在会降低I-TEF值。最后,考虑文献报道的信息,提出了一种描述由TCS氧化反应形成低氯化PCDD / Fs的机理。

更新日期:2018-01-17
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