The metallic lithium anode provides unparalleled opportunities for rechargeable batteries with very high energy density. A main problem hindering the development of cells using metallic lithium anodes stems from the electrochemical instability of the interface between metallic lithium and organic liquid electrolytes. This paper reports an approach rationally designing the surface characteristic of separator for stable, dendrite-free operation of lithium–metal batteries. A unique polymer multilayer PEI(PAA/PEO)₃ was fabricated on the microporous polyethylene (PE) separator by a simple layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly process, which maintains the pore structure and thickness of PE separator but remarkably enhances the ionic conductivity (from 0.36 mS cm^–1 to 0.45 mS cm^–1) and Li⁺ transference number (from 0.37 to 0.48), as well as stabilizes lithium metal anodes against the reaction with liquid electrolytes during storage and repeated charge/discharge cycles, which is responsible for restraining the electrode polarization and the formation of lithium dendrites, and therefore endows lithium metal batteries with long-term cycling at high columbic efficiency and excellent rate capability, as well as the improved safety.

中文翻译：

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高Li ⁺离子通量隔板增强锂金属阳极的循环稳定性。

金属锂阳极为能量密度非常高的可充电电池提供了无与伦比的机会。阻碍使用金属锂阳极开发电池的主要问题源于金属锂与有机液体电解质之间的界面的电化学不稳定性。本文报告了一种合理设计隔板表面特性的方法，以使锂金属电池稳定，无枝晶地运行。通过简单的逐层（LbL）组装工艺，在微孔聚乙烯（PE）隔板上制备了独特的聚合物多层PEI（PAA / PEO）₃，该工艺可保持PE隔板的孔结构和厚度，但显着增强离子性电导率（从0.36 mS cm ^–1到0.45 mS cm ^–1）和Li ⁺迁移数（从0.37到0.48），以及稳定锂金属阳极以防止在存储和重复充电/放电循环过程中与液体电解质发生反应，从而抑制了电极极化和锂枝晶的形成，因此，锂金属电池可以长期循环使用，具有高的哥伦布效率和出色的倍率性能，并提高了安全性。