Abstract In this work, TiN-incorporated graphite-like amorphous carbon (a-GLC) bioceramic films were successfully fabricated on Ti alloy (Ti6Al4V) using the magnetron sputtering technique. The biocompatibility and biotribological properties of the TiN/a-GLC-coated Ti alloy were evaluated. Based on the clinical application, the microstructure, biocompatibility, histomorphological observation, and mechanical properties were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, nanoindentation test, and in vitro and in vivo tests including MTT, cell adhesion test, and slice observation of hard tissues. These techniques confirmed that there was strong bonding between the Ti alloy and the TiN/a-GLC film. In addition, face-centered cubic TiN and hexagonal close-packed Ti were clearly detected in the TiN/a-GLC films. A partial nanocomposite structure, comprised of homogeneous nanoclusters and crystalline particles, was detected in the amorphous matrix. Cell adhesion and MTT test results indicated that the TiN/a-GLC film could promote cell attachment and proliferation. Phase composition and the film morphology were determined to be the crucial factors that contributed to the improved biocompatibility. The biotribological property test showed that the TiN/a-GLC film with a Ti content of 7.8 at% had the lowest coefficient of friction (COF) of 0.076 and the lowest wear rate of 1.76 × 10–6 mm3 (N m)–1. The low COF was attributed to the superior mechanical properties of the TiN/a-GLC composite film. The TiN/a-GLC-coated Ti alloy implants were placed subcutaneously into rabbits for different time periods, and the tissue response decreased significantly as compared to that of the pure a-GLC film. The excellent biocompatibility and function reliability of the TiN/a-GLC bioceramic films showed that they are potential candidates for bone tissue implants.

中文翻译：

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TiN掺入类石墨无定形碳生物陶瓷复合薄膜的制备、生物相容性及生物摩擦学性能

摘要 在这项工作中，使用磁控溅射技术在钛合金 (Ti6Al4V) 上成功制备了掺入 TiN 的类石墨无定形碳 (a-GLC) 生物陶瓷薄膜。评估了 TiN/a-GLC 涂层钛合金的生物相容性和生物摩擦学性能。以临床应用为基础，通过扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射、纳米压痕试验以及MTT、细胞粘附试验、并对硬组织进行切片观察。这些技术证实了 Ti 合金和 TiN/a-GLC 膜之间存在牢固的结合。此外，在 TiN/a-GLC 薄膜中清楚地检测到面心立方 TiN 和六方密排 Ti。在无定形基质中检测到由均匀纳米团簇和结晶颗粒组成的部分纳米复合结构。细胞粘附和MTT测试结果表明TiN/a-GLC薄膜可以促进细胞粘附和增殖。相组成和薄膜形态被确定为有助于提高生物相容性的关键因素。生物摩擦学性能测试表明，Ti含量为7.8 at%的TiN/a-GLC薄膜的最低摩擦系数（COF）为0.076，最低磨损率为1.76×10-6 mm3（N·m）-1 . 低 COF 归因于 TiN/a-GLC 复合膜的优异机械性能。TiN/a-GLC涂层钛合金植入物皮下植入兔体内不同时间，与纯a-GLC薄膜相比，组织反应显着降低。TiN/a-GLC 生物陶瓷薄膜优异的生物相容性和功能可靠性表明它们是骨组织植入物的潜在候选者。