Abstract The new ferroelectric oxides, Bi 0.49 La 0.01 Na 0.49 Li 0.01 Ti 0.99 (Nb 1- x In x ) 0.01 O 3- δ (hereafter abbreviated as BLNLTN 1- x I x ), with x = 0.5–0.65 were fabricated using conventional solid state reaction method. The effects of Niobium (Nb) and Indium (In) as B-site substitutions on phase, microstructure, dielectric, ferroelectric, complex impedance and complex electric modulus properties were systemically analyzed. Hysteresis graphs indicated that BLNLTN 0.5 I 0.5 comparatively have the highest remnant polarization ( P r ) of about 49.83 µC/cm 2 . Moreover, the dielectric studies of BLNLTN 0.5 I 0.5 showed the highest relative dielectric constant ( e r ) i.e. 4599.3 in comparison to all other compositions. In addition, it also indicated very small loss of 0.5 I 0.5 with BNT, P r and e r were increased 13.46% and 26.3%, respectively whereas coercive electric field ( E c ) and tan δ were decreased 41.06% and 1.96%, respectively. The impedance analysis for BLNLTN 0.5 I 0.5 revealed a gradual decrease in bulk resistance ( R b ) with the increase in temperature. Also, it showed negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR) property at 500–800 °C and a polydispersive non-debye type relaxation at 800 °C. The complex electric modulus analysis proved that effect is mainly due to the bulk grains. Their basic analysis i.e. XRD and SEM studies showed a single phase perovskite structure, spherical grain shape and decreasing average grain size trend with increasing x content. The overall analysis has confirmed the significance of Nb/In co-doping in Bi 0.49 La 0.01 Na 0.49 Li 0.01 TiO 3- δ and showed it as a capable dielectric material for fabricating high-temperature ceramic capacitors.

中文翻译：

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Nb/In 共掺杂 Bi 0.49 La 0.01 Na 0.49 Li 0.01 TiO 3-δ 陶瓷的高剩余极化、高介电常数和阻抗性能

摘要 新的铁电氧化物 Bi 0.49 La 0.01 Na 0.49 Li 0.01 Ti 0.99 (Nb 1- x In x ) 0.01 O 3- δ (以下简称为 BLNLTN 1- x I x )，x = 0.5–0.65常规固相反应法。系统分析了铌(Nb)和铟(In)作为B位取代物对相、微观结构、介电、铁电、复阻抗和复电模量特性的影响。磁滞图表明 BLNLTN 0.5 I 0.5 相对而言具有最高的剩余极化 (P r )，约为 49.83 µC/cm 2 。此外，与所有其他组合物相比，BLNLTN 0.5 I 0.5 的介电研究显示出最高的相对介电常数 (er)，即 4599.3。此外，它还表明BNT 的0.5 I 0.5 损失很小，P r 和er 分别增加了13.46% 和26.3%，而矫顽电场（Ec）和tanδ分别降低了41.06%和1.96%。BLNLTN 0.5 I 0.5 的阻抗分析表明，随着温度的升高，体电阻 (R b ) 逐渐降低。此外，它在 500-800°C 下表现出负电阻温度系数 (NTCR) 特性，在 800°C 下表现出多分散非德拜型弛豫。复电模量分析证​​明，影响主要是由于大颗粒。他们的基本分析，即 XRD 和 SEM 研究显示了单相钙钛矿结构、球形晶粒形状和随着 x 含量的增加平均晶粒尺寸减小的趋势。总体分析证实了Nb/In共掺杂在Bi 0.49 La 0.01 Na 0.49 Li 0 中的重要性。