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Different approaches to assess the environmental performance of a cow manure biogas plant
Atmospheric Environment ( IF 5 ) Pub Date : 2018-03-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.01.023
Marta Torrellas , Laura Burgos , Laura Tey , Joan Noguerol , Victor Riau , Jordi Palatsi , Assumpció Antón , Xavier Flotats , August Bonmatí

Abstract In intensive livestock production areas, farmers must apply manure management systems to comply with governmental regulations. Biogas plants, as a source of renewable energy, have the potential to reduce environmental impacts comparing with other manure management practices. Nevertheless, manure processing at biogas plants also incurs in non-desired gas emissions that should be considered. At present, available emission calculation methods cover partially emissions produced at a biogas plant, with the subsequent difficulty in the preparation of life cycle inventories. The objective of this study is to characterise gaseous emissions: ammonia (NH3-N), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2Oindirect, and N2Odirect) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S) from the anaerobic co-digestion of cow manure by using different approaches for preparing gaseous emission inventories, and to compare the different methodologies used. The chosen scenario for the study is a biogas plant located next to a dairy farm in the North of Catalonia, Spain. Emissions were calculated by two methods: field measurements and estimation, following international guidelines. International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines were adapted to estimate emissions for the specific situation according to Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 approaches. Total air emissions at the biogas plant were calculated from the emissions produced at the three main manure storage facilities on the plant: influent storage, liquid fraction storage, and the solid fraction storage of the digestate. Results showed that most of the emissions were produced in the liquid fraction storage. Comparing measured emissions with estimated emissions, NH3, CH4, N2Oindirect and H2S total emission results were in the same order of magnitude for both methodologies, while, N2Odirect total measured emissions were one order of magnitude higher than the estimates. A Monte Carlo analysis was carried out to examine the uncertainties of emissions determined from experimental data, providing probability distribution functions. Four emission inventories were developed with the different methodologies used. Estimation methods proved to be a useful tool to determine emissions when field sampling is not possible. Nevertheless, it was not possible to establish which methodology is more reliable. Therefore, more measurements at different biogas plants should be evaluated to validate the methodologies more precisely.

中文翻译:

评估牛粪沼气厂环境绩效的不同方法

摘要 在集约化畜牧生产区,农民必须应用粪便管理系统以符合政府规定。沼气厂作为一种可再生能源,与其他粪便管理实践相比,具有减少环境影响的潜力。然而,沼气厂的粪便处理也会产生应考虑的非预期气体排放。目前,可用的排放计算方法涵盖了沼气厂产生的部分排放,随后难以编制生命周期清单。本研究的目的是表征气体排放:氨 (NH3-N)、甲烷 (CH4)、一氧化二氮 (N2Oindirect, 和 N2Odirect) 和来自牛粪厌氧共同消化的硫化氢 (H2S),通过使用不同的方法来编制气体排放清单,并比较所使用的不同方法。该研究选择的场景是位于西班牙加泰罗尼亚北部奶牛场旁边的沼气厂。排放量通过两种方法计算:现场测量和估计,遵循国际准则。根据方法 1、方法 2 和方法 3,对国际气候变化专门委员会 (IPCC) 指南进行了调整,以估计特定情况下的排放量。沼气厂的总空气排放量是根据工厂三个主要粪便储存设施产生的排放量计算出来的:流入物储存、液体部分储存和消化物的固体部分储存。结果表明,大部分排放物是在液体馏分储存中产生的。将测得的排放量与估算的排放量进行比较,两种方法的 NH3、CH4、N2O 间接和 H2S 总排放量结果处于相同的数量级,而 N2O 直接测量的总排放量比估算值高一个数量级。进行蒙特卡罗分析以检查根据实验数据确定的排放的不确定性,提供概率分布函数。使用不同的方法编制了四种排放清单。事实证明,在无法进行现场采样时,估算方法是确定排放量的有用工具。然而,无法确定哪种方法更可靠。所以,
更新日期:2018-03-01
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