Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a serious, costly, and persistent health problem with an estimated prevalence in Western countries around 0.5% of the general population; its socioeconomic impact is comparable with that for chronic diseases such as diabetes. Conventional treatment involves escalating drug regimens with concomitant side effects followed, in some cases, by surgical interventions, which are often multiple, mainly in Crohn's disease. The goal of finding a targeted gut‐specific immunotherapy for IBD patients is therefore an important unmet need. However, to achieve this goal we first must understand how dendritic cells (DC), the most potent antigen present cells of the immune system, control the immune tolerance in the gastrointestinal tract and how their properties are altered in those patients suffering from IBD. In this review, we summarize the current available information regarding human intestinal DC subsets composition, phenotype, and function in the human gastrointestinal tract describing how, in the IBD mucosa, DC display pro‐inflammatory properties, which drive disease progression. A better understanding of the mechanisms inducing DC abnormal profile in IBD may provide us with novel tools to perform tissue specific immunomodulation.

中文翻译：

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人肠树突状细胞在炎症性肠病中的作用

包括克罗恩氏病和溃疡性结肠炎在内的炎症性肠病（IBD）是严重，昂贵且持续存在的健康问题，在西方国家，据估计患病率约为总人口的0.5％；它的社会经济影响与糖尿病等慢性疾病相当。常规治疗涉及逐步增加药物治疗的伴随副作用，在某些情况下，还需要外科手术干预，这种干预通常是多种多样的，主要是在克罗恩病中。因此，找到针对IBD患者的针对性肠道特异性免疫疗法的目标是一项重要的未满足需求。但是，要实现此目标，我们首先必须了解树突状细胞（DC）是免疫系统中最有效的抗原细胞，控制患有IBD的患者胃肠道的免疫耐受性以及如何改变其特性。在这篇综述中，我们总结了有关人类肠道DC子集组成，表型和人类胃肠道功能的当前可用信息，描述了在IBD粘膜中DC如何显示促炎特性，从而驱动疾病进展。对在IBD中诱导DC异常概况的机制的更好理解可能为我们提供了进行组织特异性免疫调节的新颖工具。推动疾病发展。对在IBD中诱导DC异常概况的机制的更好理解可能为我们提供了进行组织特异性免疫调节的新颖工具。推动疾病发展。对在IBD中诱导DC异常概况的机制的更好理解可能为我们提供了进行组织特异性免疫调节的新颖工具。