Despite recent efforts in modernization of water treatment facilities, the problem of access to healthy drinking water for hundreds of millions of people has still not been solved. A water filter based on Cu-coated nanofibrillated cellulose with controlled porosity was prepared by the “paper-making” method. We have optimized the proper mass and ratio of functionalized and pure nanofibrillated cellulose for the preparation of the filter. MS2 bacteriophages were used to model human pathogenic virions. We tested our filter material in batch experiments and the fixed filters in flow experiments. The fabricated Cu-coated nanofibrillated cellulose filters were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, specific surface area measurement (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller), dynamic light scattering, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. Our measurements proved that the fixation of cellulose nanofibers plays a significant role in the degree of virus retention and it greatly enhances the efficiency of the filtration. By using these functionalized water filters, we were able to achieve a virus retention of at least 5 magnitudes (5Log) at three different pH values: 5.0, 7.5, and 9.

中文翻译：

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铜涂层纤维素基滤水器，用于病毒保留

尽管最近在水处理设施的现代化方面做出了努力，但仍未解决亿万人获得健康饮用水的问题。通过“造纸”方法制备了具有可控孔隙率的基于铜包覆的纳米原纤化纤维素的滤水器。我们已经优化了官能化和纯纳米原纤化纤维素的合适质量和比例，以用于制备过滤器。MS2噬菌体用于模拟人致病性病毒体。我们在批量实验中测试了过滤器材料，在流动实验中测试了固定式过滤器。通过扫描电子显微镜，X射线衍射，比表面积测量（Brunauer–Emmett–Teller），动态光散射，和电感耦合等离子体质谱。我们的测量结果证明，纤维素纳米纤维的固定在病毒保留程度中起着重要作用，并且大大提高了过滤效率。通过使用这些功能化的水过滤器，我们能够在三个不同的pH值：5.0、7.5和9下实现至少5个量级的病毒保留（5Log）。