Ecological pressures and varied feeding behaviors in a multitude of organisms have necessitated the drive for adaptation. One such change is seen in the feeding appendages of stomatopods, a group of highly predatory marine crustaceans. Stomatopods include “spearers,” who ambush and snare soft bodied prey, and “smashers,” who bludgeon hard‐shelled prey with a heavily mineralized club. The regional substructural complexity of the stomatopod dactyl club from the smashing predator Odontodactylus scyllarus represents a model system in the study of impact tolerant biominerals. The club consists of a highly mineralized impact region, a characteristic Bouligand architecture (common to arthropods), and a unique section of the club, the striated region, composed of highly aligned sheets of mineralized fibers. Detailed ultrastructural investigations of the striated region within O. scyllarus and a related species of spearing stomatopod, Lysiosquillina maculate show consistent organization of mineral and organic, but distinct differences in macro‐scale architecture. Evidence is provided for the function and substructural exaptation of the striated region, which facilitated redeployment of a raptorial feeding appendage as a biological hammer. Moreover, given the need to accelerate underwater and “grab” or “smash” their prey, the spearer and smasher appendages are specifically designed with a significantly reduced drag force.

中文翻译：

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气孔足鳞片的生态驱动超微结构和水动力设计

在多种生物中的生态压力和变化的进食行为已促使人们进行适应。在气孔脚纲（一组高度掠食性海洋甲壳类动物）的摄食附肢中可以看到一个这样的变化。气孔足类动物包括“矛头”和伏击者，后者将伏打和软弱的猎物伏击并圈套起来，并用矿化度高的棍棒击碎硬壳猎物。粉碎的捕食者Odontodactylus scyllarus的气孔足类的Dactyl俱乐部的区域亚结构复杂性代表了耐冲击生物矿物质研究中的模型系统。球杆包括一个高度矿化的撞击区域，一个独特的Bouligand建筑（节肢动物常见）和一个球杆的独特部分，即横纹区域，由高度对齐的矿化纤维片组成。详细的超微结构研究，在O. scyllarus的横纹区域和矛状的气孔足类，Lysiosquillina斑纹的相关物种矿物和有机物的组织结构一致，但宏观结构却存在明显差异。为横纹区域的功能和亚结构提供了证据，这促进了猛禽喂养附件作为生物锤的重新部署。此外，由于需要加速水下运动并“抓住”或“粉碎”猎物，因此矛杆和粉碎器的附件经过专门设计，阻力明显减小。