Reinforcing the carrier separation is the key issue to maximize the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE) efficiency of graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C₃N₄). By a surface engineering of gradual doping of graphited carbon rings within g‐C₃N₄, suitable energy band structures and built‐in electric fields are established. Photoinduced electrons and holes are impelled into diverse directions, leading to a 21‐fold improvement in the PHE rate.

中文翻译：

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表面工程可极大地增强g-C3N4上的电荷分离和光催化氢的释放

加强载流子分离是最大化石墨氮化碳（g-C ₃ N ₄）的光催化氢释放（PHE）效率的关键问题。通过在g‐C ₃ N ₄内逐步掺杂石墨碳环的表面工程，可以建立合适的能带结构和内置电场。光诱导的电子和空穴被推向不同的方向，导致PHE速率提高了21倍。