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Enhanced safety of geologic CO 2 storage with nanoparticles
International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer ( IF 5.2 ) Pub Date : 2018-06-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.12.152
Harpreet Singh , Akand Islam

Abstract Some methods have been developed to detect leakage of CO2 from its desired storage domain, but that is not sufficient to prevent and mitigate a leak. Two techniques have been proposed to prevent the migration of buoyant CO2 from the storage domain by expediting mixing of CO2 with the brine and mitigate risk of its leakage risk. These two methods are injection of CO2 pre-mixed with brine, and injection of CO2 with nanoparticles (NPs). The former has been studied to some extent, however, understanding of the latter is very limited. Unlike the application of NPs in hydrocarbon recovery, its use to enhance safety of CO2 storage is a fairly unexplored topic that can have important benefits for the safety of the storage process. Also, the use of NPs for subsurface application in general is compromised for its cost. We investigate how NPs produced from low-level nuclear waste can be added with injected CO2 to enhance the mixing of CO2 with brine, which can mitigate leakage risk of CO2. We numerically investigate the effect of adding NPs from nuclear waste with the CO2 and show that it enhances the mixing of CO2 with in-situ brine in saline aquifers that mitigates the risk related to buoyancy and high mobility of CO2. Additionally, we examine the effect of reservoir heterogeneity on mixing of CO2 in reservoir brine when it is injected with NPs. The results show that: (i) addition of NPs to CO2 leads to higher mixing, (ii) the discrete shape of CO2 concentration in brine tends to diffuse and become smooth as the heterogeneity of the medium increases, and (iii) the impact of heterogeneity is more pronounced than the fraction of NPs on mixing.

中文翻译:

使用纳米粒子提高地质 CO 2 储存的安全性

摘要 已经开发了一些方法来检测 CO2 从其所需存储域的泄漏,但这不足以防止和减轻泄漏。已经提出了两种技术,通过加速 CO2 与盐水的混合来防止漂浮的 CO2 从存储域迁移,并降低其泄漏风险。这两种方法是注入预先与盐水混合的 CO2,以及注入带有纳米颗粒 (NPs) 的 CO2。前者已有一定的研究,但对后者的了解非常有限。与 NPs 在碳氢化合物回收中的应用不同,它用于提高 CO2 封存的安全性是一个相当未开发的主题,它可以为封存过程的安全带来重要的好处。此外,将 NP 用于地下应用通常因其成本而受到影响。我们研究了如何将低水平核废料产生的 NP 与注入的 CO2 添加在一起,以增强 CO2 与盐水的混合,从而降低 CO2 的泄漏风险。我们通过数值研究了从核废料中添加 NP 与 CO2 的效果,并表明它增强了 CO2 与盐水含水层中原位盐水的混合,从而降低了与 CO2 的浮力和高流动性相关的风险。此外,当注入 NPs 时,我们检查了储层非均质性对储层盐水中 CO2 混合的影响。结果表明:(i) 在 CO2 中添加 NPs 导致更高的混合,(ii) 随着介质的非均质性增加,盐水中 CO2 浓度的离散形状趋于扩散并变得平滑,以及 (iii)异质性比混合时 NP 的比例更明显。
更新日期:2018-06-01
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