Porous materials have many structural advantages for energy storage and conversion devices such as rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells. When applied as a host material in lithium‐sulfur batteries, porous silica materials with a pomegranate‐like architecture can not only act as a buffer matrix for accommodating a large volume change of sulfur, but also suppress the polysulfide shuttle effect. The porous silica/sulfur composite cathodes exhibit excellent electrochemical performances including a high specific capacity of 1450 mA h g⁻¹, a reversible capacity of 82.9 % after 100 cycles at a rate of C/2 (1 C=1672 mA g⁻¹) and an extended cyclability over 300 cycles at 1 C‐rate. Furthermore, the high polysulfide adsorption property of porous silica has been proven by ex‐situ analyses, showing a relationship between the surface area of silica and polysulfide adsorption ability. In particular, the modified porous silica/sulfur composite cathode, which is treated by a deep‐lithiation process in the first discharge step, exhibits a highly reversible capacity of 94.5 % at 1C‐rate after 300 cycles owing to a formation of lithiated‐silica frames and stable solid‐electrolyte‐interphase layers.

中文翻译：

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用于高性能锂硫电池的石榴结构硅/硫复合阴极

多孔材料在能量存储和转换设备（例如可充电电池，超级电容器和燃料电池）中具有许多结构优势。当用作锂硫电池的主体材料时，具有石榴状结构的多孔二氧化硅材料不仅可以充当缓冲剂，以适应大量硫的变化，而且还可以抑制多硫化物的穿梭效应。多孔二氧化硅/硫磺复合阴极具有出色的电化学性能，包括1450 mA h g ^-1的高比容量，100次循环后以C / 2（1 C = 1672 mA g ^-1的可逆容量）的可逆容量82.9％），并以1 C速率扩展了300个循环的循环能力。此外，通过异位分析证明了多孔二氧化硅的高多硫化物吸附性能，表明了二氧化硅的表面积与多硫化物吸附能力之间的关系。尤其是，经过改性的多孔二氧化硅/硫复合阴极，在第一步放电过程中经过深层锂化处理，由于形成了锂硅化硅石，在300次循环后，在1C速率下具有94.5％的高度可逆容量。框架和稳定的固体电解质界面层。