In this study, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) enriched rice bran (ERB) was supplemented to obese rats to investigate the attenuation of metabolic syndromes induced by high-fat diet. ERB-containing diet stimulated butyrate and propionate production by promoting Anaerostipes, Anaerostipes sp., and associated synthesizing enzymes. This altered short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) distribution further enhanced circulatory levels of leptin and glucagon-like peptide-1, controlling food intake by downregulating orexigenic factors. Together with the enhanced fatty acid β-oxidation highlighted by Prkaa2, Ppara, and Scd1 expression via AMPK signaling pathway and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease pathway, energy expenditure was positively modulated. Serum lipid compositions showed ERB supplement exhibited a more efficient effect on lowering serum sphingolipids, which was closely associated with the status of insulin resistance. Consistently, genes of Ppp2r3b and Prkcg, involved in the function of ceramides in blocking insulin action, were also downregulated following ERB intervention. Enriched GABA and phenolic acids were supposed to be responsible for the health-beneficial effects.

中文翻译：

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富含γ-氨基丁酸的米糠饮食可通过改善肠道菌群和短链脂肪酸来减轻胰岛素抵抗并平衡能量消耗

在这项研究中，向肥胖大鼠补充了富含γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）的米糠（ERB），以研究高脂饮食诱导的代谢综合征的减轻。含ERB的饮食通过促进厌氧消化菌（Anaerostipes sp。）刺激了丁酸和丙酸的产生。以及相关的合成酶。这种改变的短链脂肪酸（SCFA）分布进一步增强了瘦素和胰高血糖素样肽1的循环水平，通过下调致癌因素来控制食物摄入。与Prkaa2，Ppara和Scd1突出显示的增强的脂肪酸β-氧化作用通过AMPK信号通路和非酒精性脂肪肝疾病通路的表达，能量消耗受到正调节。血清脂质成分显示，ERB补充剂对降低血清鞘脂具有更有效的作用，这与胰岛素抵抗的状况密切相关。一致地，在ERB干预后，参与神经酰胺在阻断胰岛素作用中的功能的Ppp2r3b和Prkcg基因也被下调。富含GABA和酚酸被认为对健康有益。