Background

Perturbations of the infant gut microbiota can shape development of the immune system and link to the risk of allergic diseases.

Objective

We sought to understand the role of the gut microbiome in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). The metagenome of the infant gut microbiome was analyzed according to feeding types.

Methods

Composition of the gut microbiota was analyzed in fecal samples from 129 infants (6 months old) by using pyrosequencing, including 66 healthy infants and 63 infants with AD. The functional profile of the gut microbiome was analyzed by means of whole-metagenome sequencing (20 control subjects and 20 patients with AD). In addition, the total number of bacteria in the feces was determined by using real-time PCR.

Results

The gut microbiome of 6-month-old infants was different based on feeding types, and 2 microbiota groups (Bifidobacterium species–dominated and Escherichia/Veillonella species–dominated groups) were found in breast-fed and mixed-fed infants. Bacterial cell amounts in the feces were lower in infants with AD than in control infants. Although no specific taxa directly correlated with AD in 16S rRNA gene results, whole-metagenome analysis revealed differences in functional genes related to immune development. The reduction in genes for oxidative phosphorylation, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase–Akt signaling, estrogen signaling, nucleotide-binding domain–like receptor signaling, and antigen processing and presentation induced by reduced colonization of mucin-degrading bacteria (Akkermansia muciniphila, Ruminococcus gnavus, and Lachnospiraceae bacterium 2_1_58FAA) was significantly associated with stunted immune development in the AD group compared with the control group (P < .05).

Conclusions

Alterations in the gut microbiome can be associated with AD because of different bacterial genes that can modulate host immune cell function.

中文翻译：

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根据喂养类型对特应性皮炎婴儿肠道微生物组基因的扰动

背景

婴儿肠道菌群的扰动会影响免疫系统的发育，并可能导致过敏性疾病。

客观的

我们试图了解肠道微生物组在特应性皮炎（AD）患者中的作用。根据喂养类型对婴儿肠道微生物组的基因组进行了分析。

方法

通过焦磷酸测序分析了129名婴儿（6个月大）的粪便样本中肠道菌群的组成，包括66名健康婴儿和63名患有AD的婴儿。通过全基因组测序（20名对照受试者和20名AD患者）分析了肠道微生物组的功能概况。另外，通过使用实时PCR确定粪便中的细菌总数。

结果

根据喂养方式的不同，6个月大婴儿的肠道微生物组有所不同，在母乳喂养和混合喂养的婴儿中发现了2个微生物群（双歧杆菌属和Escherichia / Veillonella属为主）。AD患儿的粪便中细菌细胞数量低于对照组患儿。尽管在16S rRNA基因结果中没有特定的分类单元与AD直接相关，但是全基因组分析揭示了与免疫发育相关的功能基因的差异。黏蛋白降解细菌的定殖减少，从而导致氧化磷酸化，磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶-Akt信号转导，雌激素信号转导，核苷酸结合域样受体信号转导以及抗原加工和呈递基因的减少（与对照组相比，AD组中的Akkermansia muciniphila，Ruminococcus gnavus和Lachnospiraceae细菌2_1_58FAA与免疫发育迟缓显着相关（P  <.05）。

结论

肠道微生物组的改变可能与AD相关，因为不同的细菌基因可以调节宿主免疫细胞的功能。