A facile method was used to prepare hollow mesoporous TiO₂ and Au@TiO₂ spheres using polystyrene (PS) templates. Au nanoparticles (NPs) were simultaneously synthesized and attached on the surface of PS spheres by reducing AuCl₄⁻ ions using sodium citrate which resulted in the uniform deposition of Au NPs. The outer coating of titania via sol‐gel produced PS@Au@TiO₂ core–shell spheres. Removing the templates from these core–shell spheres through calcination produced hollow mesoporous and crystalline Au@TiO₂ spheres with Au NPs inside the TiO₂ shell in a single step. Anatase spheres with double Au NPs layers, one inside and another outside of TiO₂ shell, were also prepared. Different characterization techniques indicated the hollow mesoporous and crystalline morphology of the prepared spheres with Au NPs. Hollow anatase spheres with Au NPs indicated enhanced harvesting of visible light and therefore demonstrated efficient catalytic activity toward the degradation of organic dyes under the irradiation of visible light as compared to bare TiO₂ spheres.

中文翻译：

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具有单和双金纳米粒子层的空心介孔TiO2微球的合成，以增强可见光光催化作用

使用一种简便的方法，使用聚苯乙烯（PS）模板制备空心介孔TiO ₂和Au @ TiO ₂球。的Au纳米颗粒（NP）通过减少AUCL被同时合成和连接的PS球的表面上的₄ ^-使用柠檬酸钠这导致金纳米粒子的均匀沉积的离子。通过溶胶-凝胶的二氧化钛外涂层产生了PS @ Au @ TiO ₂核-壳球。通过煅烧从这些核-壳球体中除去模板，只需一步，即可在TiO ₂壳内部生成中空的中空晶体Au @ TiO ₂晶体，并带有Au NP 。具有双Au NPs层的锐钛矿球，TiO _2的一个内部和另一个外部外壳，也准备好了。不同的表征技术表明所制备的具有金纳米颗粒的球的中空介孔和晶体形态。与裸TiO ₂球相比，具有Au NPs的空心锐钛矿球表明可见光的收获增强，因此表现出在可见光照射下对有机染料降解的有效催化活性。