The behavior of lead (Pb) during thermal treatment of municipal solid waste (MSW) is a serious environmental concern. The migration of Pb during pilot-scale thermal treatment of MSW with controlled air excess ratio (ER) was studied with a focus on Pb contents and isotope ratios analysis. Different ERs showed different Pb distribution behaviors in fly ash (FA) from MSW incineration, owing to the change of Pb migration from different MSW components. Although the Pb contents in FA under the oxidizing condition increased significantly with the increase of ER (almost 100% from ER = 1.0 to ER = 1.3), the major sources (i.e., papers and plastics) contributing Pb to FA were similar based on the Pb isotope identification. This suggested that the migration of Pb from these MSW components was promoted in a high oxygen environment. In contrast, the Pb contents in FA under the low oxygen condition (ER = 0.3–0.5) were similar, and rubbers became the major source of Pb in FA in the low oxygen environment instead of papers. In the low oxygen environment the migration of Pb in rubbers and papers was promoted and inhibited, respectively, as indicated by isotopic analysis combined with micro-X-ray fluorescence and diffraction analyses.

中文翻译：

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受空气过量比影响的城市固体废物热处理过程中使用铅同位素评估铅的来源和迁移

市政固体废物（MSW）热处理过程中铅（Pb）的行为是一个严重的环境问题。研究了以控制的空气过剩率（ER）对城市固体垃圾进行中试热处理过程中的铅迁移，重点是铅含量和同位素比分析。由于来自不同城市固体废弃物组分的铅迁移的变化，不同的ER在城市固体废弃物焚烧中的粉煤灰（FA）中表现出不同的Pb分布行为。尽管氧化条件下FA中的Pb含量随ER的增加而显着增加（从ER = 1.0到ER = 1.3几乎为100％），但基于铅同位素鉴定。这表明在高氧环境中促进了这些MSW组分中Pb的迁移。相比之下，在低氧条件下（ER = 0.3-0.5），FA中的Pb含量相似，在低氧环境中，橡胶代替纸成为了FA中Pb的主要来源。在同位素分析，微X射线荧光分析和衍射分析的结合下，在低氧环境下，铅在橡胶和纸张中的迁移分别得到促进和抑制。