To improve our understanding of the disturbed metabolic pathways and cellular responses triggered by honeybee venom stimulation, we compared the changes in serum metabolites in rats, either stimulated or not by honeybee venom, by performing ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry-based metabonomics to identify potential biomarkers. In this study, 65 metabolites were structurally confirmed and quantified and the following results were obtained. First, by pattern recognition analysis, 14 metabolites were selected as potential biomarkers 3 h after venom stimulation. Second, metabolic pathway analysis showed that methane metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism were affected. Finally, the time-dependent metabolic modifications indicated that rats could recover without medical treatment 24 h after venom stimulation. In summary, this new insight into the changes in serum metabolites in rats after honeybee venom stimulation has enhanced our understanding of the response of an organism to honeybee venom.

中文翻译：

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蜜蜂毒液刺激的大鼠血清代谢产物分析及相关途径分析：对蜜蜂毒液过敏的新见解

为了增进我们对蜜蜂毒液刺激引起的代谢途径和细胞应答紊乱的了解，我们比较了大鼠血清中代谢物（无论是否受到蜜蜂毒液刺激）的变化，其方法是¹基于H核磁共振（NMR）光谱的代谢组学来鉴定潜在的生物标记物。在这项研究中，对65种代谢物进行了结构确认和定量，并获得了以下结果。首先，通过模式识别分析，在毒液刺激3小时后，选择了14种代谢物作为潜在的生物标志物。其次，代谢途径分析表明甲烷代谢，乙醛酸和二羧酸酯代谢，三羧酸循环，甘氨酸，丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢，精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢受到影响。最后，随时间变化的代谢变化表明，在毒液刺激后24小时，大鼠无需药物即可恢复。总之，