The Magnéli phase V₆O₁₁ was synthesized in gram amounts from a powder mixture of V₆O₁₁/V₇O₁₃ and vanadium metal, using the spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. Its structure was determined with synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data from a phase-pure sample synthesized by conventional solid-state synthesis. A special feature of Magnéli-type oxides is a combination of crystallographic shear and intrinsic disorder that leads to relatively low lattice thermal conductivities. SPS prepared V₆O₁₁ has a relatively low thermal conductivity of κ = 2.72 ± 0.06 W (m K)⁻¹ while being a n-type conductor with an electrical conductivity of σ = 0.039 ± 0.005 (μΩ m)⁻¹, a Seebeck coefficient of α = −(35 ± 2) μV K^–1, which leads to a power factor of PF = 4.9 ± 0.8 × 10^–5W (m K²)⁻¹ at ∼600 K. Advances in the application of Magnéli phases are mostly hindered by synthetic and processing challenges, especially when metastable and nanostructured materials such as V₆O₁₁ are involved. This study gives insight into the complications of SPS-assisted synthesis of complex oxide materials, provides new information about the thermal and electrical properties of vanadium oxides at high temperatures, and supports the concept of reducing the thermal conductivity of materials with structural building blocks such as crystallographic shear (CS) planes.

中文翻译：

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火花等离子体烧结（SPS）辅助合成的Magnéli相V ₆ O ₁₁及其热电特性

使用火花等离子体烧结（SPS）技术，由V ₆ O ₁₁ / V ₇ O ₁₃和钒金属的粉末混合物以克量合成了Magnéli相V ₆ O ₁₁。它的结构是通过同步加速器X射线粉末衍射数据确定的，该数据来自通过常规固态合成方法合成的纯相样品。Magnéli型氧化物的一个特殊特征是晶体学剪切和本征无序相结合，导致相对较低的晶格热导率。SPS制备V ₆ ö ₁₁具有κ的相对低的热导率= 2.72±0.06 W（米^K）-1，同时一个Ñ导体的电导率为σ= 0.039±0.005（μΩm）^-1的塞贝克系数α= −（35±2）μVK ^–1，导致功率因数PF = 4.9±0.8×约600 K时为10 ^–5 W（m K ²）^-1。合成和加工挑战尤其阻碍了Magnéli相的应用进展，尤其是当亚稳和纳米结构材料（例如V ₆ O _11）时参与其中。这项研究深入了解了SPS辅助合成复杂氧化物材料的复杂性，提供了有关钒氧化物在高温下的热和电学性质的新信息，并支持通过结构构件降低材料导热系数的概念，例如晶体剪切（CS）平面。