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Keratan sulfate, a complex glycosaminoglycan with unique functional capability
Glycobiology ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2018-01-11 , DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy003
Bruce Caterson 1 , James Melrose 2, 3, 4
Affiliation  

From an evolutionary perspective keratan sulfate (KS) is the newest glycosaminoglycan (GAG) but the least understood. KS is a sophisticated molecule with a diverse structure, and unique functional roles continue to be uncovered for this GAG. The cornea is the richest tissue source of KS in the human body but the central and peripheral nervous systems also contain significant levels of KS and a diverse range of KS-proteoglycans with essential functional roles. KS also displays important cell regulatory properties in epithelial and mesenchymal tissues and in bone and in tumor development of diagnostic and prognostic utility. Corneal KS-I displays variable degrees of sulfation along the KS chain ranging from non-sulfated polylactosamine, mono-sulfated and disulfated disaccharide regions. Skeletal KS-II is almost completely sulfated consisting of disulfated disaccharides interrupted by occasional mono-sulfated N-acetyllactosamine residues. KS-III also contains highly sulfated KS disaccharides but differs from KS-I and KS-II through 2-O-mannose linkage to serine or threonine core protein residues on proteoglycans such as phosphacan and abakan in brain tissue. Historically, the major emphasis on the biology of KS has focused on its sulfated regions for good reason. The sulfation motifs on KS convey important molecular recognition information and direct cell behavior through a number of interactive proteins. Emerging evidence also suggest functional roles for the poly-N-acetyllactosamine regions of KS requiring further investigation. Thus further research is warranted to better understand the complexities of KS.

中文翻译:

硫酸角质素,具有独特功能的复杂糖胺聚糖

从进化的角度看,硫酸角质素(KS)是最新的糖胺聚糖(GAG),但了解最少。KS是一种具有多种结构的复杂分子,该GAG仍未发现其独特的功能性作用。角膜是人体中最丰富的KS组织来源,但中枢和周围神经系统也包含大量KS和各种具有基本功能作用的KS蛋白聚糖。KS还在上皮和间充质组织以及骨骼和肿瘤发展中显示重要的细胞调节特性,具有诊断和预后作用。角膜KS-1沿KS链显示出不同程度的硫酸化程度,范围从非硫酸化的聚乳糖胺,单硫酸化和二硫酸化的二糖区域。N-乙酰基乳糖胺残基。KS-III还含有高度硫酸化的KS二糖,但与KS-I和KS-II的区别在于,2- O-甘露糖与脑组织蛋白聚糖(如磷酰胺和abakan)上的丝氨酸或苏氨酸核心蛋白残基相连。从历史上看,KS的生物学重点一直集中在其硫酸盐化区域上,这是有充分理由的。KS上的硫酸化基序通过许多相互作用的蛋白质传达重要的分子识别信息并指导细胞行为。新兴证据还表明,KS的聚N-乙酰乳糖胺区域的功能性作用需要进一步研究。因此,有必要进行进一步的研究以更好地了解KS的复杂性。
更新日期:2018-01-11
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