Deoxynivalenol (DON, vomitoxin) is the most frequent mycotoxin in grains and grain products. DON contamination in fodder and food is a serious threat for health, since it impairs the immune and gastrointestinal systems of both human and animals. Gut microbiota seems to play a more and more important part in human and animals' health according to related researches. Previous studies implied some associations among gut microbiota, DON and immune system. For example, DON affects immune system as well as the composition and abundance of gut microbiota, and the latter influences immune system as well. In the present short review, we not only provide the available information about the toxic consequences of DON-induced immunotoxicity on different animals and cell lines and discuss its main possible molecule mechanisms, but also summarize research results concerning the role of gut microbiota in DON-induced immunotoxicity and gender differences, with the aim to find some potential therapeutic strategies to tackle DON-induced immunotoxicity.

脱氧雪腐酚（DON，呕吐毒素）是谷物和谷物产品中最常见的霉菌毒素。饲料和食物中的DON污染严重危害健康，因为它损害了人类和动物的免疫系统和胃肠道系统。根据相关研究，肠道菌群似乎在人类和动物的健康中起着越来越重要的作用。先前的研究暗示肠道菌群，DON和免疫系统之间存在某些关联。例如，DON影响免疫系统以及肠道菌群的组成和丰度，而后者也影响免疫系统。在本篇简短的综述中，我们不仅提供有关DON诱导的免疫毒性对不同动物和细胞系产生毒性后果的可用信息，而且还讨论了其可能的主要分子机制，