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Assessing and valuing the recreational ecosystem services of Germany’s national parks using travel cost models
Ecosystem Services ( IF 7.6 ) Pub Date : 2018-01-09 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2017.12.009
Marius Mayer , Manuel Woltering

This paper estimates the recreational ecosystem services (RES) of 15 German national parks (NLP) in one of the most comprehensive RES valuations of NLP systems performed to date. The RES were evaluated using zonal travel cost models (TCM) based on 24,548 representative interviews conducted with a uniform methodology between 2004 and 2015. Reaction functions were estimated for each park as double-log regression models. The lower-limit consumer surplus of recreation in German NLP totals EUR 385.3–621.8 million (including only visitors whose trip decisions were influenced by the parks’ protected status), while an upper-limit value reached EUR 1.690–2.751 billion (including all visitors). Thus, NLP generate enormous non-monetary values for German society. The standardized approach applied could be used to harmonize assessments and valuations of RES in protected areas. Finally, the article advances the theory of RES assessment, valuation and mapping by highlighting the importance of on-site visitation data. RES do not exist a priori, but emerge as co-products of ecosystems and visitors’ perceptions and valuations. For this reason, we discourage the use of context-specific RES results in benefit transfer approaches.



中文翻译:

使用旅行成本模型评估和评估德国国家公园的休闲生态系统服务

本文估算了德国15个国家公园(NLP)的休闲生态系统服务(RES),这是迄今为止进行的NLP系统最全面的RES评估之一。在2004年至2015年之间,采用区域旅行成本模型(TCM)对24,548名代表性访谈进行了评估,并采用统一的方法对RES进行了评估。每个公园的反应函数均以双对数回归模型进行了估算。德国国家自然保护区的休闲娱乐活动的下限消费者剩余总额为385.3–621.8百万欧元(仅包括其旅行决定受公园的保护状态影响的游客),而上限值则为1.690–27.51亿欧元(包括所有游客) )。因此,自然语言处理为德国社会带来了巨大的非货币价值。所采用的标准化方法可用于协调保护区中可再生能源的评估和估价。最后,本文通过强调现场访问数据的重要性,提出了RES评估,评估和制图的理论。RES不存在是先验的,但却是生态系统与游客的感知和评估的共同产物。因此,我们不鼓励在利益转移方法中使用特定于上下文的RES结果。

更新日期:2018-01-09
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