The main attention in this work is focused on the physical nature of the effective polarizability of water molecules in water vapor and liquid water. We will show that the main contribution to the effective polarizability of water vapor is formed by thermal vibration excitations of water dimers. At approaching the critical point this contribution becomes considerably greater than that caused by deformations of electron shells. In parallel with this we also show that the specific increase of the heat capacity of water vapor is mainly caused by the intramolecular vibrations and vibration excitations of water dimers. We propose a new method for the determination of dimer concentration in water vapor. This approach is generalized for the description of effective polarizability for liquid water. It is assumed that water can be considered as an ensemble of tetramers and dimers in wide temperature interval of liquid states. We analyze peculiarities of their thermal excitations in dense surroundings and their contributions to the effective polarizability of molecules. There is concentration of dimers, arising because of disintegration of tetramers, calculated.

这项工作的主要注意力集中在水蒸气和液态水中水分子有效极化率的物理性质上。我们将表明，对水蒸气有效极化率的主要贡献是由水二聚体的热振动激发形成的。在接近临界点时，该贡献变得比由电子壳的变形引起的贡献大得多。与此同时，我们还表明，水蒸气热容量的特定增加主要是由分子内的振动和水二聚体的振动激发引起的。我们提出了一种测定水蒸气中二聚体浓度的新方法。该方法是通用的，用于描述液态水的有效极化率。假设在宽的温度范围内，水可以看作是四聚体和二聚体的集合。我们分析了它们在稠密环境中的热激发的特殊性及其对分子有效极化性的贡献。计算出由于四聚体的分解而产生的二聚体浓度。