Oil/water separation has been realized by various materials with special wettability, but most of them require complex instrumentation or involve toxic or corrosive chemicals which may cause potential high cost and environmental concerns. In this work, a superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic cellulose hydrogel-coated mesh was fabricated through a simple and green process with the raw materials being low in cost and environmentally benign. The resulting mesh could separate different oil/water mixtures with a separation efficiency higher than 98.9% and a permeate flux up to 12,885 L m⁻² h⁻¹ solely driven by gravity. Importantly, this mesh still maintained a separation efficiency >98.2% even after 60 cycles of separation, suggesting its excellent stability for a long term application. Impressively, the mesh also exhibited great anti-salt properties. It was capable to separate saturated NaCl aqueous solutions from their oil (hexane) mixtures with a high separation efficiency. And even immersed in saturated NaCl for 12 h or subjected to sonication treatment, the mesh did not show any worsening in separation properties. These distinct advantages together with the high potential for scale-up production make the mesh very promising toward cost-effective oil/water separation in real-world practice.

油/水分离已经通过具有特殊润湿性的各种材料实现，但是其中大多数需要复杂的仪器或涉及有毒或腐蚀性的化学物质，这可能会导致潜在的高成本和环境问题。在这项工作中，通过简单且绿色的过程制造了具有超亲水性和水下超疏油性的纤维素水凝胶涂层的筛网，其原料成本低廉且对环境无害。所得的筛网可以分离出不同的油/水混合物，分离效率高于98.9％，渗透通量高达12,885 L m ^-2  h ^-1完全由重力驱动。重要的是，即使经过60次分离，该网片仍可保持> 98.2％的分离效率，这表明其在长期应用中具有出色的稳定性。令人印象深刻的是，该网片还显示出出色的抗盐性能。它能够以高分离效率从其油（己烷）混合物中分离出饱和NaCl水溶液。甚至将其浸入饱和NaCl中12 h或进行超声处理，其筛分分离性能也不会变差。这些独特的优势以及大规模生产的巨大潜力使筛网在现实世界中朝着具有成本效益的油/水分离方面非常有前途。