The main objective of this work was an experimental investigation making it possible to monitor, as well as achieve a deeper understanding of, the structural evolution of polyamide-6 as a thermoplastic-based composite matrix. Polyamide-6 from anionic ring-opening polymerization (AROP) of ε-caprolactam was chosen as a model matrix. Throughout this work, various formulations of PA with anionic polymerization from caprolactam were studied depending on different activator/catalyst pairs, concentrations and combinations. Moreover, chemorheological properties were first determined ex-situ by rheology coupled with FTIR and microdielectrometry. The extent of the reaction conversion was thus obtained and subsequently modeled. The formed PA6 matrix materials were fully characterized in terms of their viscosimetric properties and molar masses. In a second step, a hybrid extrusion resin transfer molding machine (T-ERTM) with an instrumented mold was designed for the in-situ monitoring. Thereby, specific dielectric sensors were used to follow the different processing steps for the manufacturing of complex and continuous glass fiber-reinforced parts. Furthermore, the reaction kinetics in competition with the crystallization were probed and quantified as a function of the processing parameters (mold temperature, times given for impregnation, time for demolding etc.). Calibration curves were obtained in which the ionic conductivity was correlated to the change of viscosity determined previously from ex-situ measurements. Indeed, a processing window was proposed for each PA6 system to ensure a good preform impregnation. Interestingly, the apparent conversion calculated from the online dielectric measurements corroborated the ex-situ values obtained from chemorheological studies. The viscosity and conversion evolution were then tracked in the mold. Based on the present findings and for the optimal formulation, a Time-Temperature-Transformation (TTT)-equivalent diagram was established from online measurements and related to the reactive processing to get a better handle on the PA6-based composite.

这项工作的主要目的是进行实验研究，从而有可能监测并更深入地了解作为热塑性基复合材料基质的聚酰胺6的结构演变。选择来自ε-己内酰胺的阴离子开环聚合（AROP）的聚酰胺-6作为模型基质。在整个工作中，根据不同的活化剂/催化剂对，浓度和组合，研究了由己内酰胺进行阴离子聚合的PA的各种配方。此外，首先通过流变学，FTIR和微介电法在异位测定化学流变学性质。由此获得反应转化的程度并随后进行建模。所形成的PA6基体材料在其粘度特性和摩尔质量方面得到了充分表征。第二步，设计了带有仪器模具的混合挤出树脂传递模塑机（T-ERTM），用于现场监控。因此，使用特定的介电传感器来遵循不同的处理步骤，以制造复杂且连续的玻璃纤维增​​强零件。此外，还根据加工参数（模具温度，浸渍时间，脱模时间等）对与结晶竞争的反应动力学进行了探测和量化。获得校准曲线，其中离子电导率与先前从异位测量确定的粘度变化相关。实际上，为每个PA6系统提出了一个处理窗口，以确保良好的瓶坯浸渍。有趣的是，在线电介质测量值计算得出的表观转化率证实了从化学流变学研究中获得的异位值。然后在模具中跟踪粘度和转化率的变化。基于目前的发现和最佳配方，从在线测量中建立了一个时间-温度-转变（TTT）等效图，并与反应过程相关，以更好地处理基于PA6的复合材料。