Nature Reviews Microbiology ( IF 88.1 ) Pub Date : 2018-01-08 , DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro.2017.158 Mariana X. Byndloss , Andreas J. Bäumler
Gut dysbiosis is associated with many non-communicable human diseases, but the mechanisms maintaining homeostasis remain incompletely understood. Recent insights suggest that during homeostasis, epithelial hypoxia limits oxygen availability in the colon, thereby maintaining a balanced microbiota that functions as a microbial organ, producing metabolites contributing to host nutrition, immune education and niche protection. Dysbiosis is characterized by a shift in the microbial community structure from obligate to facultative anaerobes, suggesting oxygen as an important ecological driver of microbial organ dysfunction. The ensuing disruption of gut homeostasis can lead to non- communicable disease because microbiota-derived metabolites are either depleted or generated at harmful concentrations. This Opinion article describes the concept that host control over the microbial ecosystem in the colon is critical for the composition and function of our microbial organ, which provides a theoretical framework for linking microorganisms to non-communicable diseases.
中文翻译:
非传染性疾病的生殖器官理论
肠道营养不良与许多非传染性人类疾病有关,但维持稳态的机制仍未完全了解。最近的见解表明,在体内平衡过程中,上皮低氧会限制结肠中的氧气供应,从而维持平衡的微生物群,起到微生物器官的作用,产生有助于宿主营养,免疫教育和生态位保护的代谢产物。营养不良症的特征是微生物群落结构从专性厌氧菌转变为兼性厌氧菌,这表明氧气是微生物器官功能障碍的重要生态驱动因素。随后肠道内稳态的破坏可能导致非传染性疾病,因为微生物群衍生的代谢产物被消耗掉或以有害浓度产生。