Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become energy storage tools in our daily lives, and high energy and power densities as well as long lifespan are necessary for next-generation batteries for transportation technologies and smart grids. Newly emerging electrode materials fabricated with rational component design are coming close to achieving this feat, but essential drawbacks such as insufficient electron/ion-transport efficiency, large volume variations and various side reactions hinder their practical applications. Although carbon coating has long been considered an effective method to improve the electrochemical performance by increasing conductivity, buffering volume expansion and/or stabilizing the reaction interface, it has been proven that a single species of carbon is unable to meet all requirements in terms of conformal coverage for active materials and a continuous conductive network for electrodes. In this review, we mainly focus on recent developments in dual or multi carbonaceous coating strategies, aiming to summarize the hierarchical construction of complex structures and consequently discuss the multifunctionality of each carbonaceous material for the rational design of electrodes not only for LIBs but also for other rechargeable batteries to be developed in the future.

中文翻译：

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下一代电池的双碳或多碳涂层策略

锂离子电池（LIB）已成为我们日常生活中的储能工具，对于运输技术和智能电网的下一代电池，高能量和功率密度以及长寿命是必需的。用合理的组件设计制造的新兴电极材料已接近实现这一壮举，但是诸如电子/离子传输效率不足，体积变化大以及各种副反应之类的基本缺点阻碍了它们的实际应用。尽管碳涂层长期以来一直被认为是通过提高电导率，缓冲体积膨胀和/或稳定反应界面来改善电化学性能的有效方法，已经证明，就活性材料的保形覆盖和电极的连续导电网络而言，单一种类的碳不能满足所有要求。在这篇综述中，我们主要关注双碳或多碳涂层策略的最新发展，旨在总结复杂结构的分层结构，并因此讨论每种碳材料的多功能性，不仅用于锂离子电池，还用于其他电极的合理设计。将来会开发可充电电池。