We report a controllable and precision approach in manipulating catalytic nanomotors by strategically applied electric (E-) fields in three dimensions (3-D). With the high controllability, the catalytic nanomotors have demonstrated versatility in capturing, delivering, and releasing of cargos to designated locations as well as in situ integration with nanomechanical devices (NEMS) to chemically power the actuation. With combined AC and DC E-fields, catalytic nanomotors can be accurately aligned by the AC E-fields and effectively change their speeds instantly by the DC E-fields. Within the 3-D orthogonal microelectrode sets, the in-plane transport of catalytic nanomotors can be swiftly turned on and off, and these catalytic nanomotors can also move in the vertical direction. The interplaying nanoforces that govern the propulsion and alignment are investigated. The modeling of catalytic nanomotors proposed in previous works has been confirmed quantitatively here. Finally, the prowess of the precision manipulation of catalytic nanomotors by E-fields is demonstrated in two applications: the capture, transport, and release of cargos to prepatterned microdocks, and the assembly of catalytic nanomotors on NEMS to power the continuous rotation. The concepts and approaches reported in this work could further advance applications of catalytic nanomotors, e.g., for assembling and powering nanomachines, nanorobots, and complex NEMS devices.

中文翻译：

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用于货物输送和为纳米机电设备供电的催化纳米电机的电场导向精确操纵

我们报告了通过策略性地在三个维度（3-D）中应用电（E-）场来操纵催化纳米马达的可控且精确的方法。凭借高可控性，催化纳米马达在将货物捕获，运送和释放到指定位置以及与纳米机械装置（NEMS）现场集成以化学方式驱动致动装置方面已显示出多功能性。随着直流和交流组合ē -fields，催化纳米发动机可以准确地交流对准Ë -fields和有效利用DC改变他们的速度瞬间é场。在3-D正交微电极组内，催化纳米马达的面内传输可以快速打开和关闭，并且这些催化纳米马达也可以在垂直方向上移动。研究了控制推进和对准的相互作用的纳米力。先前工作中提出的催化纳米马达的建模已在此得到定量确认。最后，催化纳米发动机的精度操纵由威力Ë -fields证明在两种应用：捕获，运输和货物的释放到预图案化microdocks，并且该组件上NEMS催化纳米发动机功率的连续旋转。这项工作中报道的概念和方法可以进一步促进催化纳米马达的应用，例如，用于组装和驱动纳米机器，纳米机器人和复杂的NEMS设备。