Abstract The present paper reports the microwave assisted intensification of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using heterogeneous base catalyst - calcium diglyceroxide. Initially, experiments were carried out by varying various parameters such as reaction temperature, catalyst loading, and methanol to waste cooking oil (WCO) molar ratio using one factor at a time (OFAT) approach, to estimate the best condition. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the process variables, using the Box-Behnken model with three level and three factor. Under the optimized reaction conditions of methanol (MeOH) to WCO molar ratio of 7.46:1, catalyst loading of 1.03% (w/w of WCO) and temperature of 62 °C in the presence of microwave, a maximum biodiesel yield of 94.86% was obtained, whereas in the conventional heating method showed 42.59% yield for the similar reaction time of 15 min. Reusability of the catalyst was also tested, after the first run catalytic activity of calcium diglyceroxide was decreased for consecutive cycles. The transesterification of WCO followed pseudo first-order kinetics model. The activation energy and per-exponential factor were found to be 26.56 kJ mol−1 and 1.65 × 103 min−1, respectively. The fuel properties of biodiesel matched with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM-D6751) standards.

中文翻译：

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在微波存在下二甘油氧化钙催化从废食用油生产生物柴油：优化和动力学研究

摘要 本文报道了使用非均相碱催化剂-二甘油氧化钙从废食用油中提取生物柴油的微波辅助强化工艺。最初，通过使用一次一个因子 (OFAT) 方法改变各种参数（例如反应温度、催化剂负载量和甲醇与废食用油 (WCO) 摩尔比）来进行实验，以估计最佳条件。响应面方法 (RSM) 用于优化过程变量，使用具有三水平和三因素的 Box-Behnken 模型。在甲醇 (MeOH) 与 WCO 摩尔比为 7.46:1、催化剂负载量为 1.03% (WCO w/w) 和温度为 62 °C 的优化反应条件下，在微波存在下，生物柴油的最大产率为 94.86%获得了，而在常规加热方法中显示为 42。在 15 分钟的类似反应时间下，产率为 59%。还测试了催化剂的可重复使用性，在第一次运行后，二甘油氧化钙的催化活性连续循环下降。WCO的酯交换遵循拟一级动力学模型。发现活化能和每指数因子分别为 26.56 kJ mol-1 和 1.65 × 103 min-1。生物柴油的燃料特性符合美国材料试验协会（ASTM-D6751）标准。分别为 56 kJ mol−1 和 1.65 × 103 min−1。生物柴油的燃料特性符合美国材料试验协会（ASTM-D6751）标准。分别为 56 kJ mol−1 和 1.65 × 103 min−1。生物柴油的燃料特性符合美国材料试验协会（ASTM-D6751）标准。