Vanadium-zirconium catalyst was prepared with zirconium tetrachloride and ammonium metavanadate, which were supported on different supports, such as activated carbon, g-C₃N₄, MWCNTs (multiwall carbon nano tubes), acidified MWCNTs, bentonite, and γ-Al₂O₃. Various techniques were employed to characterize the catalysts such as X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption, and Raman spectrum. It was found that Zr⁴⁺ and V⁵⁺ in the vanadium-zirconium catalyst were dispersed on support in the form of zirconium pyrovanadate. The performance of catalysts on hydroxylation of benzene to phenol with O₂ as the oxidant was investigated. The vanadium-zirconium catalyst with different supports showed different catalytic performance and the reason was studied. It was found that the catalytic performance was related to the nature of the supports including the surface area and the composition of the supports. The yield of phenol reached to 8.6% and selectivity reached to about 80% when the activated carbon acted as support. Kinetic study showed that the first step of the consecutive reaction was first order for benzene and the second step was first order for phenol.

用四氯化锆和偏钒酸铵制备钒锆催化剂，将其负载在不同的载体上，例如活性炭，gC ₃ N ₄，MWCNT（多壁碳纳米管），酸化的MWCNT，膨润土和γ- Al ₂ O _3。。采用各种技术表征催化剂，例如X射线衍射，X射线光电子能谱，氮吸附和拉曼光谱。发现钒-锆催化剂中的Zr ⁴⁺和V ⁵⁺以焦钒酸锆的形式分散在载体上。催化剂对O ₂将苯羟基化为苯酚的性能作为氧化剂进行了研究。不同载体的钒锆催化剂表现出不同的催化性能，并对其原因进行了研究。发现催化性能与载体的性质有关，包括载体的表面积和组成。当活性炭作为载体时，苯酚的收率达到8.6％，选择性达到约80％。动力学研究表明，连续反应的第一步是苯的一级反应，第二步是苯酚的一级反应。