Harvesting solar energy for desalination and sewage treatment has been considered as a promising solution to produce clean water. However, state-of-the-art technologies often require optical concentrators and complicated systems with multiple components, leading to poor efficiency and high cost. Here, we demonstrate an extremely simple and standalone solar energy converter consisting of only an as-prepared 3D cross-linked honeycomb graphene foam material without any other supporting components. This simple all-in-one material can act as an ideal solar thermal converter capable of capturing and converting sunlight into heat, which in turn can distill water from various water sources into steam and produce purified water under ambient conditions and low solar flux with very high efficiency. High specific water production rate of 2.6 kg h^–1 m^–2 g^–1 was achieved with near ∼87% under 1 sun intensity and >80% efficiency even under ambient sunlight (<1 sun). This scalable sheet-like material was used to obtain pure drinkable water from both seawater and sewage water under ambient conditions. Our results demonstrate a competent monolithic material platform providing a paradigm change in water purification by using a simple, point of use, reusable, and low-cost solar thermal water purification system for a variety of environmental conditions.

中文翻译：

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基于石墨烯的脱盐和净水的独立太阳能转换器

收集用于脱盐和污水处理的太阳能被认为是生产清洁水的有前途的解决方案。但是，最先进的技术通常需要光学集中器和具有多个组件的复杂系统，从而导致效率低和成本高。在这里，我们演示了一种非常简单且独立的太阳能转换器，该转换器仅由准备好的3D交联蜂窝状石墨烯泡沫材料制成，而没有任何其他支撑组件。这种简单的多合一材料可以充当理想的太阳能热转换器，能够将太阳光捕获并将其转换为热，进而可以将各种水源中的水蒸馏成蒸汽，并在环境条件下以低太阳光通量产生纯净水，并且高效率。2.6 kg h的高比水生产率^–1 m ^–2 g ^–1在1个阳光强度下达到了约〜87％，即使在环境阳光（<1个阳光下）下也达到了> 80％的效率。这种可缩放的片状材料用于在环境条件下从海水和污水中获得纯净的饮用水。我们的结果表明，通过在各种环境条件下使用简单，使用点，可重复使用和低成本的太阳能热净水系统，合格的整体材料平台可提供净水方式的典范变化。