The GAL promoters are applied in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology to control gene expression in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In gal80Δ background strains, they show diauxie-inducible expression, a feature beneficial in metabolic pathway optimization. However, only a limited number of GAL promoters have been characterized and are available for engineering purposes. Multiple uses of the same promoters can result in genetic instability in engineered strains due to homologous recombination. Here, 11 GAL1/2 promoters from other Saccharomyces species were isolated and characterized in S. cerevisiae. They exhibited diauxie-inducible expression patterns with low strength in exponential growth phase and induction in the ethanol growth phase. These promoters represent an expansion to the collection of GAL promoters available for genetic engineering in S. cerevisiae, including an increased diversity of expression levels. This provides the capacity for increased numbers of genetic manipulations with a lower risk of genetic instability.

中文翻译：

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酿酒酵母中Diauxie诱导表达的扩展的异源GAL启动子集合。

的GAL启动子在代谢工程和合成生物学应用于控制基因表达在芽殖酵母酿酒酵母。在gal80Δ背景菌株中，它们显示出diauxie诱导的表达，这是有利于代谢途径优化的特征。但是，仅有限数量的GAL启动子已被表征，可用于工程目的。由于同源重组，多次使用相同的启动子会导致工程菌株的遗传不稳定。在这里，从酿酒酵母的其他物种中分离出11个GAL1 / 2启动子，并在酿酒酵母中进行了表征。。它们表现出在指数生长期具有低强度，在乙醇生长期具有诱导作用的双生诱导型表达模式。这些启动子代表了可用于酿酒酵母基因工程的GAL启动子集合的扩展，包括表达水平增加的多样性。这提供了增加遗传操作次数的能力，而遗传不稳定的风险较低。