The river Yamuna is a major tributary of river Ganges and is a major source of freshwater in the National Capital Territory (NCT) catering 16.8 million people. This is the first report on occurrence, fate and ecotoxicological risk assessment of various pharmaceuticals active compounds (PhACs) in the Yamuna river. In this study, spatial and temporal distribution of nine PhACs “aspirin, ibuprofen, paracetamol, caffeine, ranitidine, diclofenac, carbamazepine, codeine, and diazepam”, belonging to different therapeutic groups have been reported. Nine PhACs were analyzed in all the samples collected from the NCT stretch of river Yamuna. No specific trend in the distribution of the pharmaceutical residues was observed, however, the results revealed comparably higher PhACs contamination at YMN-2 (downstream Wazirabad, at this point, Najafgarh drain joins river Yamuna). Ecotoxicological risk assessment was carried out using Hazard quotients (HQ) for normal and worst case scenarios. The HQ showed that the levels of PhACs present in the samples were insufficient to cause acute toxicity to the flora and fauna of the river Yamuna. However, such residues could possibly cause chronic toxicity to the aquatic life and human beings as a huge amount of water of the river Yamuna is used for the drinking purposes in the NCT Delhi, the state capital of India.

亚穆纳河是恒河的主要支流，是国家首都地区（NCT）的主要淡水源，可容纳1680万人。这是关于亚穆纳河中各种药物活性化合物（PhAC）的发生，结局和生态毒理学风险评估的第一份报告。在这项研究中，已经报道了属于不同治疗组的9种PhAC的时空分布“阿司匹林，布洛芬，扑热息痛，咖啡因，雷尼替丁，双氯芬酸，卡马西平，可待因和地西epa”。在从NCT Yamuna河段采集的所有样品中分析了九种PhAC。没有观察到药物残留分布的具体趋势，但是，结果表明YMN-2（Wazirabad下游，此时，Najafgarh排水道汇入Yamuna河）。在正常和最坏情况下，均使用危险物（HQ）进行了生态毒理学风险评估。总部表明，样品中的PhAC含量不足以对Yamuna河的动植物造成急性毒性。然而，这些残留物可能对水生生物和人类造成慢性毒性，因为在印度国家首都NCT德里，大量的亚穆纳河河水被用于饮用。