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Environmental and human health risk indicators for agricultural pesticides in estuaries
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety ( IF 6.8 ) Pub Date : 2018-01-04 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.12.047
Elsa Teresa Rodrigues , Maria Fátima Alpendurada , Fernando Ramos , Miguel Ângelo Pardal

The present study aims to contribute to a better assessment of pesticide environmental and human health (here evaluated in the context of human exposure via food items) risks for the estuarine system by comprehensively studying the spatial and temporal occurrence of the pesticides atrazine, azoxystrobin, bentazon, λ-cyhalothrin, penoxsulam and terbuthylazine in the River Mondego estuary (Portugal). Pesticide quantification was performed in surface water, sediment, macroalgae (Ulva spp., Gracilaria gracilis, Fucus vesiculosus), aquatic plants (Zostera noltii, Spartina maritime, Scirpus maritimus) and bivalves (Scrobicularia plana). Since intense precipitation could promote the runoff of pesticides from the surrounding agricultural fields, a single long-duration flood event was also studied in this estuarine system. Under normal flow conditions, quantified concentrations were determined mostly during summer in agreement with the pesticide application period. Azoxystrobin presented the highest detection frequency and atrazine (an herbicide used globally but banned in the EU) presented the second highest frequency, thus highlighting the need to include legacy pesticides in monitoring programmes. Pesticide concentrations in surface water determined in the present study suggest low risk to estuarine organisms. However, all the pesticides were bioaccumulated by S. plana, leading us to consider that pesticides may not only cause adverse effects on the aquatic organism itself, but should also be an alert for human exposure, for this is an edible species and is considered of economic interest. Concern is also expressed about edible seaweeds, since s-triazine pesticides were found in Ulva spp. and G. gracilis. Acknowledging these concerns, developing and establishing allowable pesticide safety values for edible seaweeds and bivalves is recommended, as well as monitoring bivalve pesticide levels, using the whole animal, as a human health exposure indicator for estuarine systems. During the studied flood event, it appears that no serious pesticide contamination has occurred in the River Mondego estuary.



中文翻译:

河口农用农药的环境和人类健康风险指标

本研究旨在通过全面研究农药at去津,嘧菌酯,苯达松的时空分布状况,为更好地评估农药环境和人类健康(此处是通过食物接触人类的风险)进行评估。 Mondego河口(葡萄牙)中的λ-氟氯氰菊酯,戊草醚和戊丁嗪。在地表水,沉淀物,巨藻(进行农药量化石莼属,江蓠眼虫墨角藻),水草(大叶noltii三棱海上藨草maritimus)和双壳类(Scrobicularia扁平)。由于强降水可能促进周围农田的农药径流,因此在该河口系统中还研究了一次长时间的洪水事件。在正常流量条件下,定量浓度的确定主要是在夏季与农药施用时期相一致的。嘧菌酯的检出频率最高,而r去津(全球使用但在欧盟被禁止的除草剂)的检出频率第二高,因此强调了将遗留农药纳入监测计划的必要性。在本研究中确定的地表水中农药浓度表明,河口生物的风险较低。但是,所有农药均由扁平链球菌生物富集,这使我们认为农药不仅可能对水生生物本身造成不利影响,而且还应提醒人们接触,因为这是一种可食用的物种,被认为具有经济意义。由于在Ulva spp中发现了s-三嗪农药,因此人们也对食用海藻表示担忧。和G. gracilis。认识到这些问题,建议为可食用的海藻和双壳类动物制定和建立允许的杀虫剂安全性值,并建议使用整只动物作为河口系统的人类健康暴露指标来监测双壳类杀虫剂的水平。在所研究的洪水事件中,似乎在蒙德戈河河口未发生严重的农药污染。

更新日期:2018-01-04
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