Dermal exposure to contaminated sites has generally received less attention than oral/inhalation exposure due to limited exposure scenarios and less perceived potential for toxicity, however, the risk can be significant for specific contaminants and scenarios. The present study aims to (1) measure Cr, Ni, Pb, and Zn contamination in soil and mine tailings samples (n = 7), (2) determine the dermal bioaccessibility of these metals via in vitro tests using two synthetic sweat formulations (EN, 1811; NIHS 96-10), and (3) obtain dermal absorbed doses (DADs) for children's and adults' exposure scenarios and compare them to derived dermal reference values. The NIHS 96-10 formulation yielded higher bioaccessibility values for all metals than EN 1811, possibly due to its lower pH. Zn had the highest bioaccessibility for both formulations whereas Cr had the lowest. There was some evidence of adsorption of initially mobilized Pb and Zn to soil with longer test times, resulting in slightly lower bioaccessibility after 8 h of testing with respect to 2 h. The calculated DADs showed that the risk for exposure was acceptable (DAD < derived dermal reference value) for all metals except for Cr(VI) considering exposure to two of the samples. The risk in the case of children's exposure scenario (play on contaminated medium) was significantly higher than the case for the adults' exposure scenario (exposure in industrial context). Additional bioaccessibility research is recommended on additional samples with differing properties/contamination profiles, on additional contaminants with high dermal affinity (especially As), and on the development/validation of in vitro dermal bioaccessibility tests.

由于暴露场景的限制和人们对毒性的潜在感知能力的降低，与受口腔/吸入接触的皮肤暴露相比，受到的关注普遍较少，但是，对于特定的污染物和场景，该风险可能会很大。本研究旨在（1）测量土壤和矿山尾矿样品中的Cr，Ni，Pb和Zn污染（n = 7），（2）通过体外测定这些金属的皮肤生物可及性测试使用两种合成汗水配方（EN，1811； NIHS 96-10）和（3）获得儿童和成人暴露情况下的皮肤吸收剂量（DAD），并将其与导出的皮肤参考值进行比较。NIHS 96-10制剂对所有金属的生物可及性值均比EN 1811高，这可能是由于其较低的pH值。两种配方中，Zn的生物利用度最高，而Cr的生物利用度最低。有一些证据表明，经过较长的测试时间，最初迁移的Pb和Zn会吸附在土壤上，导致测试后8小时（相对于2小时）的生物可及性稍低。计算得出的DADs显示，考虑到接触到两个样品，除Cr（VI）外，所有金属的接触风险均可接受（DAD <衍生的皮肤参考值）。儿童的风险 的暴露场景（在被污染的介质上玩耍）显着高于成人的暴露场景（工业环境下的暴露）。建议对具有不同特性/污染特征的其他样品，具有高皮肤亲和力（尤其是As）的其他污染物以及对Cd的开发/验证进行其他生物可及性研究。体外皮肤生物可及性测试。