Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) of Karenia brevis have been documented along coastal waters of every state bordering the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). Some Gulf Coast locations, such as Florida and Texas, suffer from recurrent intense and spatially large blooms, while others such as Mississippi seem to rarely observe them. The main objective of this work is to understand the dynamics that led to the K. brevis bloom in Mississippi coastal waters in fall 2015. Blooms of K. brevis from the Florida Panhandle region are often advected westward towards the Mississippi-Alabama coast; however there is interannual variability in their presence and intensity in Mississippi coastal waters. The 2015 K. brevis bloom was compared to the 2007 Florida Panhandle K. brevis bloom, which showed a westward advection pattern, but did not intensify along the Mississippi coast. Cell counts and flow cytometry were obtained from the Mississippi Department of Marine Resources, Alabama Department of Public Health, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission and The University of Southern Mississippi. Ocean color satellite imagery from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer onboard the Aqua satellite was used to detect and delineate the blooms in 2007 and 2015. Two different regional applications of NCOM-Navy Coastal Ocean Model (1-km resolution NCOM-GoM/Gulf of Mexico and 6-km resolution NCOM-IASNFS/Intra Americas Sea Nowcast Forecast System) were used to understand the circulation and transport pathways. A Lagrangian particle tracking software was used to track the passive movement of particles released at different locations for both bloom events. Ancillary data (e.g., nutrients, wind, salinity, river discharge) from local buoys, monitoring stations and coincident oceanographic cruises were also included in the analysis. The blooms of K. brevis reached the Mississippi coast both years; however, the bloom in 2007 lasted only a few days and there is no evidence that it entered the Mississippi Sound. Two major differences were observed between both years. First, circulation patterns in 2015 resulting from an intense westward-northwestward that persisted until December allowed for continuous advection, whereas this pattern was not evident in 2007. Second, local river discharge was elevated throughout late fall 2015 while 2007 was below the average. Thus, elevated discharge may have provided sufficient nutrients for bloom intensification. These results illustrate the complex, but important interactions in coastal zones. Further, they emphasize the importance in establishing comprehensive HAB monitoring programs, which facilitate our understanding of nutrient and phytoplankton dynamics, and stress the importance for multi-agency cooperation across state boundaries.

在与墨西哥湾（GoM）接壤的每个州的沿海水域，都记录了短叶卡累氏藻的有害藻华（HABs）。墨西哥湾沿岸的某些地区，例如佛罗里达州和德克萨斯州，经常反复出现密集且空间较大的水华，而其他地区（例如密西西比州）似乎很少观察到它们。主要目标这项工作的是理解，导致了动态K.短密西西比州沿海水域盛开在秋季绽放2015 K.杆菌从佛罗里达狭长区域往往对密西西比，阿拉巴马州海岸向西平流; 然而，在密西西比州沿海水域，它们的存在和强度存在年际变化。2015年K.brevis绽放与2007年佛罗里达Panhandle K. brevis进行了比较盛放，表现出向西平流模式，但未在密西西比海岸上加剧。细胞计数和流式细胞术从密西西比州海洋资源部，阿拉巴马州公共卫生部，佛罗里达鱼类和野生动物保护委员会以及南密西西比大学获得。Aqua卫星上的中等分辨率成像光谱仪上的海洋彩色卫星图像用于检测和描绘2007年和2015年的水华。NCOM-海军沿海海洋模型的两种不同区域应用（1-km分辨率NCOM-GoM /墨西哥湾）分辨率为6公里的NCOM-IASNFS /美洲内海临近预报系统）用于了解环流和运输路径。使用拉格朗日粒子跟踪软件来跟踪两次盛开事件在不同位置释放的粒子的被动运动。分析还包括了来自本地浮标，监测站和同时进行的海洋航行的辅助数据（例如，养分，风，盐度，河流流量）。的花朵布雷维斯两年都到达了密西西比海岸；但是，2007年的大花只持续了几天，没有证据表明它进入了密西西比海峡。两年之间观察到两个主要差异。首先，由于持续向西至西北偏西直到2015年的2015年环流模式允许连续平流，而这种模式在2007年并不明显。其次，整个2015年秋末局部河流流量增加，而2007年则低于平均水平。因此，升高的排放可能已经提供了足够的养分来促进水华。这些结果说明了沿海地区复杂而重要的相互作用。此外，他们强调建立全面的HAB监测计划的重要性，这有助于我们了解养分和浮游植物的动态，